Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening
Simazine is an herbicide that is able to contaminate surface waters, ground waters, and milk/dairy products, thus posing concerns in both environmental health and food safety. A yeast-based bioprobe was utilized to detect simazine in spiked real samples of livestock drinking water and raw cow...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/112 |
| _version_ | 1819135211804295168 |
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| author | Gerardo Grasso Ludovico Caracciolo Giulia Cocco Chiara Frazzoli Roberto Dragone |
| author_facet | Gerardo Grasso Ludovico Caracciolo Giulia Cocco Chiara Frazzoli Roberto Dragone |
| author_sort | Gerardo Grasso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simazine is an herbicide that is able to contaminate surface waters, ground waters, and milk/dairy products, thus posing concerns in both environmental health and food safety. A yeast-based bioprobe was utilized to detect simazine in spiked real samples of livestock drinking water and raw cow’s milk. Yeast aerobic respiration was taken as short-term toxicological endpoint. We carried out comparative measures of yeast oxygen consumption between simazine-spiked samples and blank samples. Percentage interference (%ρ) on yeast aerobic respiration was calculated through the comparison of aerobic respiration of simazine-exposed and non-exposed yeast cells. The method was optimized for raw cow’s milk samples by using boric acid as fungistatic agent in order to avoid cellular proliferation. Overall, the results have shown that simazine can be detected up to concentrations five times below the EU legal concentration limits for drinking water (0.02 ppb) and cow’s milk (2 ppb) (%ρ values of 18.53% and 20.43% respectively; %RSD ≤ 15%). Dose-effect relationships of simazine were assessed. The findings of the bioassays match reasonably well with known mechanisms of toxicity and intracellular detoxification in yeast. A correlation between fat content in milk samples and analytical performance of the bioprobe was established. Results suggest the involvement of a matrix effect, presumably due to lipid sequestration of simazine. The yeast-based bioprobe has proved to be sensitive and suitable for the detection of simazine in real samples in concentrations of interest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:15:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb7af5d4a84e4e189c35e47fd806f89f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:15:29Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb7af5d4a84e4e189c35e47fd806f89f2022-12-21T18:29:44ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742018-11-018411210.3390/bios8040112bios8040112Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples ScreeningGerardo Grasso0Ludovico Caracciolo1Giulia Cocco2Chiara Frazzoli3Roberto Dragone4Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, ItalyIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, ItalyIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, ItalyDipartimento Malattie Cardiovascolari, Dismetaboliche e dell’Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Giano della Bella 34, 00162 Roma, ItalyIstituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, ItalySimazine is an herbicide that is able to contaminate surface waters, ground waters, and milk/dairy products, thus posing concerns in both environmental health and food safety. A yeast-based bioprobe was utilized to detect simazine in spiked real samples of livestock drinking water and raw cow’s milk. Yeast aerobic respiration was taken as short-term toxicological endpoint. We carried out comparative measures of yeast oxygen consumption between simazine-spiked samples and blank samples. Percentage interference (%ρ) on yeast aerobic respiration was calculated through the comparison of aerobic respiration of simazine-exposed and non-exposed yeast cells. The method was optimized for raw cow’s milk samples by using boric acid as fungistatic agent in order to avoid cellular proliferation. Overall, the results have shown that simazine can be detected up to concentrations five times below the EU legal concentration limits for drinking water (0.02 ppb) and cow’s milk (2 ppb) (%ρ values of 18.53% and 20.43% respectively; %RSD ≤ 15%). Dose-effect relationships of simazine were assessed. The findings of the bioassays match reasonably well with known mechanisms of toxicity and intracellular detoxification in yeast. A correlation between fat content in milk samples and analytical performance of the bioprobe was established. Results suggest the involvement of a matrix effect, presumably due to lipid sequestration of simazine. The yeast-based bioprobe has proved to be sensitive and suitable for the detection of simazine in real samples in concentrations of interest.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/112biosensoristic devicessimazinemilk chainlivestock drinking waterprecision livestock farmingOne Health |
| spellingShingle | Gerardo Grasso Ludovico Caracciolo Giulia Cocco Chiara Frazzoli Roberto Dragone Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening Biosensors biosensoristic devices simazine milk chain livestock drinking water precision livestock farming One Health |
| title | Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening |
| title_full | Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening |
| title_fullStr | Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening |
| title_full_unstemmed | Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening |
| title_short | Towards Simazine Monitoring in Agro-Zootechnical Productions: A Yeast Cell Bioprobe for Real Samples Screening |
| title_sort | towards simazine monitoring in agro zootechnical productions a yeast cell bioprobe for real samples screening |
| topic | biosensoristic devices simazine milk chain livestock drinking water precision livestock farming One Health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/8/4/112 |
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