Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets
Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species that can contaminate human food and animal feed. Due to the harmful effects of FBs on animals, the European Union (EU) defined a recommendation of a maximum of 5 mg FBs (B1 + B2)/kg for complete feed for swine and 1 &...
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/548 |
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| author | Chloé Terciolo Ana Paula Bracarense Pollyana C.M.C. Souto Anne-Marie Cossalter Léonie Dopavogui Nicolas Loiseau Carlos A. F. Oliveira Philippe Pinton Isabelle P. Oswald |
| author_facet | Chloé Terciolo Ana Paula Bracarense Pollyana C.M.C. Souto Anne-Marie Cossalter Léonie Dopavogui Nicolas Loiseau Carlos A. F. Oliveira Philippe Pinton Isabelle P. Oswald |
| author_sort | Chloé Terciolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species that can contaminate human food and animal feed. Due to the harmful effects of FBs on animals, the European Union (EU) defined a recommendation of a maximum of 5 mg FBs (B1 + B2)/kg for complete feed for swine and 1 µg FBs/kg body weight per day as the tolerable daily intake for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of dietary exposure to low doses of FBs, including a dose below the EU regulatory limits. Four groups of 24 weaned castrated male piglets were exposed to feed containing 0, 3.7, 8.1, and 12.2 mg/kg of FBs for 28 days; the impact was measured by biochemical analysis and histopathological observations. Dietary exposure to FBs at a low dose (3.7 mg/kg of feed) significantly increased the plasma sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio. FBs-contaminated diets led to histological modifications in the intestine, heart, lung, lymphoid organs, kidney, and liver. The histological alterations in the heart and the intestine appeared at the lowest dose of FBs-contaminated diet (3.7 mg/kg feed) and in the kidney at the intermediate dose (8.1 mg/kg feed). At the highest dose tested (12.2 mg/kg feed), all the organs displayed histological alterations. This dose also induced biochemical modifications indicative of kidney and liver alterations. In conclusion, our data indicate that FBs-contaminated diets at doses below the EU regulatory limit cause histological lesions in several organs. This study suggests that EU recommendations for the concentration of FBs in animal feed, especially for swine, are not sufficiently protective and that regulatory doses should be modified for better protection of animal health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:09:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:09:38Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb7bbb236e894146b5294f5cb42929d02022-12-22T04:22:38ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-09-0111954810.3390/toxins11090548toxins11090548Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in PigletsChloé Terciolo0Ana Paula Bracarense1Pollyana C.M.C. Souto2Anne-Marie Cossalter3Léonie Dopavogui4Nicolas Loiseau5Carlos A. F. Oliveira6Philippe Pinton7Isabelle P. Oswald8Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceLaboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR 86057-970, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, BrazilToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceDepartamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, BrazilToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceToxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, FranceFumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species that can contaminate human food and animal feed. Due to the harmful effects of FBs on animals, the European Union (EU) defined a recommendation of a maximum of 5 mg FBs (B1 + B2)/kg for complete feed for swine and 1 µg FBs/kg body weight per day as the tolerable daily intake for humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of dietary exposure to low doses of FBs, including a dose below the EU regulatory limits. Four groups of 24 weaned castrated male piglets were exposed to feed containing 0, 3.7, 8.1, and 12.2 mg/kg of FBs for 28 days; the impact was measured by biochemical analysis and histopathological observations. Dietary exposure to FBs at a low dose (3.7 mg/kg of feed) significantly increased the plasma sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio. FBs-contaminated diets led to histological modifications in the intestine, heart, lung, lymphoid organs, kidney, and liver. The histological alterations in the heart and the intestine appeared at the lowest dose of FBs-contaminated diet (3.7 mg/kg feed) and in the kidney at the intermediate dose (8.1 mg/kg feed). At the highest dose tested (12.2 mg/kg feed), all the organs displayed histological alterations. This dose also induced biochemical modifications indicative of kidney and liver alterations. In conclusion, our data indicate that FBs-contaminated diets at doses below the EU regulatory limit cause histological lesions in several organs. This study suggests that EU recommendations for the concentration of FBs in animal feed, especially for swine, are not sufficiently protective and that regulatory doses should be modified for better protection of animal health.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/548fumonisin B1toxicityhistopathologyEuropean Union regulatory limits |
| spellingShingle | Chloé Terciolo Ana Paula Bracarense Pollyana C.M.C. Souto Anne-Marie Cossalter Léonie Dopavogui Nicolas Loiseau Carlos A. F. Oliveira Philippe Pinton Isabelle P. Oswald Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets Toxins fumonisin B1 toxicity histopathology European Union regulatory limits |
| title | Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets |
| title_full | Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets |
| title_fullStr | Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets |
| title_short | Fumonisins at Doses below EU Regulatory Limits Induce Histological Alterations in Piglets |
| title_sort | fumonisins at doses below eu regulatory limits induce histological alterations in piglets |
| topic | fumonisin B1 toxicity histopathology European Union regulatory limits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/548 |
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