Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant
Galls are remarkable parasite–plant interactions that develop in different organs. They are induced by various organisms which manipulate or reprogram plant development. Galls in dioecious species and their effects on the host plant are seldom described in the literature. This paper presents a novel...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/20 |
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| author | André Guimarães Ricardo Vieira Ana Vieira |
| author_facet | André Guimarães Ricardo Vieira Ana Vieira |
| author_sort | André Guimarães |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Galls are remarkable parasite–plant interactions that develop in different organs. They are induced by various organisms which manipulate or reprogram plant development. Galls in dioecious species and their effects on the host plant are seldom described in the literature. This paper presents a novel study of galls in a dioecious plant of the neotropical region. Our study aimed to analyze gall development and describe morphological and metabolic changes in galled leaves caused by Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> (Clusiaceae), a dioecious plant from Brazilian <i>restinga</i>. We investigated male and female individuals to detect different responses and sex-biased interactions. The non-galled leaves of female and male individuals of <i>C. fluminensis</i> exhibited similar anatomical structures. Nevertheless, galls developed only in male individuals. The activity of the Cecidomyiidae led to several morphological and anatomical changes, such as the hypertrophy of the leaf blade, especially the chlorenchyma. Our results indicated an interesting exception for the pattern of storage of lipids and starch in Cecidomyiidae galls, and sex-biased development in a dioecious plant, with the variation of metabolic compounds, especially phenolics and flavonoids, which may inhibit gall development in female individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:40Z |
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| id | doaj.art-bb868021550948c48cfa4dbac4a78b2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:48:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb868021550948c48cfa4dbac4a78b2e2023-11-21T02:23:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-12-011012010.3390/plants10010020Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host PlantAndré Guimarães0Ricardo Vieira1Ana Vieira2Laboratório de Farmacobotânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilLaboratório de Morfologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilLaboratório de Farmacobotânica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, BrazilGalls are remarkable parasite–plant interactions that develop in different organs. They are induced by various organisms which manipulate or reprogram plant development. Galls in dioecious species and their effects on the host plant are seldom described in the literature. This paper presents a novel study of galls in a dioecious plant of the neotropical region. Our study aimed to analyze gall development and describe morphological and metabolic changes in galled leaves caused by Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> (Clusiaceae), a dioecious plant from Brazilian <i>restinga</i>. We investigated male and female individuals to detect different responses and sex-biased interactions. The non-galled leaves of female and male individuals of <i>C. fluminensis</i> exhibited similar anatomical structures. Nevertheless, galls developed only in male individuals. The activity of the Cecidomyiidae led to several morphological and anatomical changes, such as the hypertrophy of the leaf blade, especially the chlorenchyma. Our results indicated an interesting exception for the pattern of storage of lipids and starch in Cecidomyiidae galls, and sex-biased development in a dioecious plant, with the variation of metabolic compounds, especially phenolics and flavonoids, which may inhibit gall development in female individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/20Cecidomyiidaegall<i>Parazalepidota clusiae</i>sex-biased metabolismsex-biased interactions |
| spellingShingle | André Guimarães Ricardo Vieira Ana Vieira Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant Plants Cecidomyiidae gall <i>Parazalepidota clusiae</i> sex-biased metabolism sex-biased interactions |
| title | Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant |
| title_full | Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant |
| title_fullStr | Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant |
| title_short | Structure of Leaf Galls in <i>Clusia fluminensis</i> Planch and Triana (Clusiaceae): Sex-Biased Development in a Dioecious Host Plant |
| title_sort | structure of leaf galls in i clusia fluminensis i planch and triana clusiaceae sex biased development in a dioecious host plant |
| topic | Cecidomyiidae gall <i>Parazalepidota clusiae</i> sex-biased metabolism sex-biased interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/1/20 |
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