Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications
This paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetac...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/499 |
| _version_ | 1811302388972126208 |
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| author | Rohan Kapoor Subramanian Ramasamy Alessandro Gardi Ron Van Schyndel Roberto Sabatini |
| author_facet | Rohan Kapoor Subramanian Ramasamy Alessandro Gardi Ron Van Schyndel Roberto Sabatini |
| author_sort | Rohan Kapoor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetaceans and bats). Although acoustic sensors have been extensively adopted in various engineering applications, their use in navigation and guidance systems is yet to be fully exploited. This technology has clear potential for applications in air and surface navigation/guidance for intelligent transport systems (ITS), especially considering air and surface operations indoors and in other environments where satellite positioning is not available. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere is discussed in detail, with all potential attenuation sources taken into account. The errors introduced in echolocation measurements due to Doppler, multipath and atmospheric effects are discussed, and an uncertainty analysis method is presented for ranging error budget prediction in acoustic navigation applications. Considering the design challenges associated with monostatic and multi-static sensor implementations and looking at the performance predictions for different possible configurations, acoustic sensors show clear promises in navigation, proximity sensing, as well as obstacle detection and tracking. The integration of acoustic sensors in multi-sensor navigation systems is also considered towards the end of the paper and a low Size, Weight and Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) sensor integration architecture is presented for possible introduction in air and surface navigation systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:28:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb876796763f441781fea42835207725 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:28:23Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb876796763f441781fea428352077252022-12-22T02:56:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-02-0118249910.3390/s18020499s18020499Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation ApplicationsRohan Kapoor0Subramanian Ramasamy1Alessandro Gardi2Ron Van Schyndel3Roberto Sabatini4School of Engineering, RMIT University, Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Discipline, Bundoora VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Discipline, Bundoora VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Discipline, Bundoora VIC 3083, AustraliaSchool of Science, RMIT University, Computer Science and Information Technology Discipline, Melbourne 3000, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Aerospace Engineering and Aviation Discipline, Bundoora VIC 3083, AustraliaThis paper presents the state-of-the-art and reviews the state-of-research of acoustic sensors used for a variety of navigation and guidance applications on air and surface vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on echolocation, which is widely utilized in nature by certain mammals (e.g., cetaceans and bats). Although acoustic sensors have been extensively adopted in various engineering applications, their use in navigation and guidance systems is yet to be fully exploited. This technology has clear potential for applications in air and surface navigation/guidance for intelligent transport systems (ITS), especially considering air and surface operations indoors and in other environments where satellite positioning is not available. Propagation of sound in the atmosphere is discussed in detail, with all potential attenuation sources taken into account. The errors introduced in echolocation measurements due to Doppler, multipath and atmospheric effects are discussed, and an uncertainty analysis method is presented for ranging error budget prediction in acoustic navigation applications. Considering the design challenges associated with monostatic and multi-static sensor implementations and looking at the performance predictions for different possible configurations, acoustic sensors show clear promises in navigation, proximity sensing, as well as obstacle detection and tracking. The integration of acoustic sensors in multi-sensor navigation systems is also considered towards the end of the paper and a low Size, Weight and Power, and Cost (SWaP-C) sensor integration architecture is presented for possible introduction in air and surface navigation systems.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/499acoustic sensorsintelligent transport systemsnavigationindoor navigationultrasonicspersonal mobilityaerospaceground vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Rohan Kapoor Subramanian Ramasamy Alessandro Gardi Ron Van Schyndel Roberto Sabatini Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications Sensors acoustic sensors intelligent transport systems navigation indoor navigation ultrasonics personal mobility aerospace ground vehicles |
| title | Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications |
| title_full | Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications |
| title_fullStr | Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications |
| title_short | Acoustic Sensors for Air and Surface Navigation Applications |
| title_sort | acoustic sensors for air and surface navigation applications |
| topic | acoustic sensors intelligent transport systems navigation indoor navigation ultrasonics personal mobility aerospace ground vehicles |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/499 |
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