Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions
Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxid...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/10/389 |
| _version_ | 1797552306797936640 |
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| author | Abbas Jarrahi Molly Braun Meenakshi Ahluwalia Rohan V. Gupta Michael Wilson Stephanie Munie Pankaj Ahluwalia John R. Vender Fernando L. Vale Krishnan M. Dhandapani Kumar Vaibhav |
| author_facet | Abbas Jarrahi Molly Braun Meenakshi Ahluwalia Rohan V. Gupta Michael Wilson Stephanie Munie Pankaj Ahluwalia John R. Vender Fernando L. Vale Krishnan M. Dhandapani Kumar Vaibhav |
| author_sort | Abbas Jarrahi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:58:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb91645a71ad4425b422bb5d8ce87e97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:58:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb91645a71ad4425b422bb5d8ce87e972023-11-20T15:29:36ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592020-09-0181038910.3390/biomedicines8100389Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic InterventionsAbbas Jarrahi0Molly Braun1Meenakshi Ahluwalia2Rohan V. Gupta3Michael Wilson4Stephanie Munie5Pankaj Ahluwalia6John R. Vender7Fernando L. Vale8Krishnan M. Dhandapani9Kumar Vaibhav10Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USADepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAStudying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/10/389neurotraumaneuroinflammationexcitotoxicityoxidative stressapoptosisedema |
| spellingShingle | Abbas Jarrahi Molly Braun Meenakshi Ahluwalia Rohan V. Gupta Michael Wilson Stephanie Munie Pankaj Ahluwalia John R. Vender Fernando L. Vale Krishnan M. Dhandapani Kumar Vaibhav Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions Biomedicines neurotrauma neuroinflammation excitotoxicity oxidative stress apoptosis edema |
| title | Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions |
| title_full | Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions |
| title_short | Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions |
| title_sort | revisiting traumatic brain injury from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions |
| topic | neurotrauma neuroinflammation excitotoxicity oxidative stress apoptosis edema |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/10/389 |
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