A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks
The transmission rate between two nodes is usually very low in underwater acoustic networks due to the low available bandwidth of underwater acoustic channels. Therefore, increasing the transmission parallelism among network nodes is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of under...
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/4/679 |
| _version_ | 1797569963171512320 |
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| author | Jun Zhang Zhi Hu Yan Xiong Gengxin Ning |
| author_facet | Jun Zhang Zhi Hu Yan Xiong Gengxin Ning |
| author_sort | Jun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transmission rate between two nodes is usually very low in underwater acoustic networks due to the low available bandwidth of underwater acoustic channels. Therefore, increasing the transmission parallelism among network nodes is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of underwater acoustic networks. In this paper, we propose a new collision-free hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol for distributed multi-channel underwater acoustic networks. In the proposed protocol, handshaking and data transmission are implemented as a pipeline on multiple acoustic channels. Handshaking is implemented using the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique in a dedicated control channel, which can support multiple successful handshakes in a transmission cycle and avoid collision in the cost of additional delay. Data packets are transmitted in one or multiple data channels, where an algorithm for optimizing the transmission schedule according to the inter-nodal propagation delays is proposed to achieve collision-free parallel data transmission. Replication computation technique, which is usually used in parallel computation to reduce the requirement of communication or execution time, is used in the data packet scheduling to reduce communication overhead in distributed environments. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the slotted floor acquisition multiple access (SFAMA), reverse opportunistic packet appending (ROPA), and distributed scheduling based concurrent transmission (DSCT) protocols in throughput, packet delivery rate, and average energy consumption in the price of larger end-to-end delay introduced by TDMA based handshaking. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:18:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb91f97cacd94cfe8e8c7ca07b3d266e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:18:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb91f97cacd94cfe8e8c7ca07b3d266e2023-11-19T22:22:56ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922020-04-019467910.3390/electronics9040679A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic NetworksJun Zhang0Zhi Hu1Yan Xiong2Gengxin Ning3School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510303, ChinaSchool of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaThe transmission rate between two nodes is usually very low in underwater acoustic networks due to the low available bandwidth of underwater acoustic channels. Therefore, increasing the transmission parallelism among network nodes is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of underwater acoustic networks. In this paper, we propose a new collision-free hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol for distributed multi-channel underwater acoustic networks. In the proposed protocol, handshaking and data transmission are implemented as a pipeline on multiple acoustic channels. Handshaking is implemented using the time division multiple access (TDMA) technique in a dedicated control channel, which can support multiple successful handshakes in a transmission cycle and avoid collision in the cost of additional delay. Data packets are transmitted in one or multiple data channels, where an algorithm for optimizing the transmission schedule according to the inter-nodal propagation delays is proposed to achieve collision-free parallel data transmission. Replication computation technique, which is usually used in parallel computation to reduce the requirement of communication or execution time, is used in the data packet scheduling to reduce communication overhead in distributed environments. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol outperforms the slotted floor acquisition multiple access (SFAMA), reverse opportunistic packet appending (ROPA), and distributed scheduling based concurrent transmission (DSCT) protocols in throughput, packet delivery rate, and average energy consumption in the price of larger end-to-end delay introduced by TDMA based handshaking.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/4/679underwater acoustic networkmedium access controlmulti-channelparallel transmissionpipelinereplication computation |
| spellingShingle | Jun Zhang Zhi Hu Yan Xiong Gengxin Ning A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks Electronics underwater acoustic network medium access control multi-channel parallel transmission pipeline replication computation |
| title | A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks |
| title_full | A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks |
| title_fullStr | A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks |
| title_short | A Collision-Free Hybrid MAC Protocol Based on Pipeline Parallel Transmission for Distributed Multi-Channel Underwater Acoustic Networks |
| title_sort | collision free hybrid mac protocol based on pipeline parallel transmission for distributed multi channel underwater acoustic networks |
| topic | underwater acoustic network medium access control multi-channel parallel transmission pipeline replication computation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/9/4/679 |
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