Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam
Abstract Background Recent studies have described natural human infections of the non-human primate parasites Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi. In Southeast Asia, mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group bite both humans and monkeys in the forest and thus offer a possible route for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0995-y |
| _version_ | 1797811841979645952 |
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| author | Yoshimasa Maeno Nguyen Tuyen Quang Richard Culleton Satoru Kawai Gaku Masuda Shusuke Nakazawa Ron P. Marchand |
| author_facet | Yoshimasa Maeno Nguyen Tuyen Quang Richard Culleton Satoru Kawai Gaku Masuda Shusuke Nakazawa Ron P. Marchand |
| author_sort | Yoshimasa Maeno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Recent studies have described natural human infections of the non-human primate parasites Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi. In Southeast Asia, mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group bite both humans and monkeys in the forest and thus offer a possible route for Plasmodium species to bridge the species barrier. In this study we analysed the species composition of malarial sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus in order to determine their potential role as bridge vectors of Plasmodium parasites from monkeys to humans. Methods Mosquitoes were collected in the forest and forest fringe area of Khanh Phu commune by human-baited landing collection. Anopheles species were determined on the basis of morphologic features. Sporozoite-infected salivary glands were applied to filter paper and dried in an ambient atmosphere, before storage in closed vials at 4–6 °C. Detection and identification of Plasmodium species in salivary glands were carried out by nested-PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Results Six species of Plasmodium parasites were detected by PCR, of which P. vivax was the most common, followed by P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi and P. falciparum. Twenty-six of the 79 sporozoite infected mosquitoes showed multiple infections, most of which were a combination of P. vivax with one or more of the non-human primate Plasmodium species. Conclusions These results suggest that humans overnighting in this forest are frequently inoculated with both human and non-human primate malaria parasites, leading to a situation conducive for the emergence of novel zoonotic malaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:29:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb949039149f4e8086a97f10f9cbac36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:29:46Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb949039149f4e8086a97f10f9cbac362023-06-04T11:11:20ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052015-07-01811710.1186/s13071-015-0995-yHumans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central VietnamYoshimasa Maeno0Nguyen Tuyen Quang1Richard Culleton2Satoru Kawai3Gaku Masuda4Shusuke Nakazawa5Ron P. Marchand6Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of MedicineKhanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet NamMalaria Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki UniversityLaboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical UniversityThe Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto UniversityDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki UniversityKhanh Phu Malaria Research Unit, Medical Committee Netherlands-Viet NamAbstract Background Recent studies have described natural human infections of the non-human primate parasites Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi. In Southeast Asia, mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group bite both humans and monkeys in the forest and thus offer a possible route for Plasmodium species to bridge the species barrier. In this study we analysed the species composition of malarial sporozoites infecting the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus in order to determine their potential role as bridge vectors of Plasmodium parasites from monkeys to humans. Methods Mosquitoes were collected in the forest and forest fringe area of Khanh Phu commune by human-baited landing collection. Anopheles species were determined on the basis of morphologic features. Sporozoite-infected salivary glands were applied to filter paper and dried in an ambient atmosphere, before storage in closed vials at 4–6 °C. Detection and identification of Plasmodium species in salivary glands were carried out by nested-PCR of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Results Six species of Plasmodium parasites were detected by PCR, of which P. vivax was the most common, followed by P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi and P. falciparum. Twenty-six of the 79 sporozoite infected mosquitoes showed multiple infections, most of which were a combination of P. vivax with one or more of the non-human primate Plasmodium species. Conclusions These results suggest that humans overnighting in this forest are frequently inoculated with both human and non-human primate malaria parasites, leading to a situation conducive for the emergence of novel zoonotic malaria.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0995-ySporozoitesAnopheles dirusPlasmodium vivaxPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium knowlesiPlasmodium cynomolgi |
| spellingShingle | Yoshimasa Maeno Nguyen Tuyen Quang Richard Culleton Satoru Kawai Gaku Masuda Shusuke Nakazawa Ron P. Marchand Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam Parasites & Vectors Sporozoites Anopheles dirus Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium knowlesi Plasmodium cynomolgi |
| title | Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam |
| title_full | Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam |
| title_short | Humans frequently exposed to a range of non-human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in South-central Vietnam |
| title_sort | humans frequently exposed to a range of non human primate malaria parasite species through the bites of anopheles dirus mosquitoes in south central vietnam |
| topic | Sporozoites Anopheles dirus Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium knowlesi Plasmodium cynomolgi |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-0995-y |
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