Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects
Viral recombination is a key mechanism in the evolution and diversity of noroviruses. In vivo, synchronous single-cell coinfection by multiple viruses, the ultimate prerequisite to viral recombination, is likely to be a rare event and delayed secondary infections are a more probable occurrence. Here...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/823 |
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| author | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall Elisabetta Di Felice Barbara Toffoli Chiara Ceci Barbara Di Martino Fulvio Marsilio Axel Mauroy Etienne Thiry |
| author_facet | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall Elisabetta Di Felice Barbara Toffoli Chiara Ceci Barbara Di Martino Fulvio Marsilio Axel Mauroy Etienne Thiry |
| author_sort | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral recombination is a key mechanism in the evolution and diversity of noroviruses. In vivo, synchronous single-cell coinfection by multiple viruses, the ultimate prerequisite to viral recombination, is likely to be a rare event and delayed secondary infections are a more probable occurrence. Here, we determine the effect of a temporal separation of in vitro infections with the two homologous murine norovirus strains MNV-1 WU20 and CW1 on the composition of nascent viral populations. WU20 and CW1 were either synchronously inoculated onto murine macrophage cell monolayers (coinfection) or asynchronously applied (superinfection with varying titres of CW1 at half-hour to 24-h delays). Then, 24 h after initial co-or superinfection, quantification of genomic copy numbers and discriminative screening of plaque picked infectious progeny viruses demonstrated a time-dependent predominance of primary infecting WU20 in the majority of viral progenies. Our results indicate that a time interval from one to two hours onwards between two consecutive norovirus infections allows for the establishment of a barrier that reduces or prevents superinfection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb95c13cf30f4ef98949ae1848a77805 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:44:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb95c13cf30f4ef98949ae1848a778052023-11-21T18:11:34ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-05-0113582310.3390/v13050823Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference EffectsLouisa F. Ludwig-Begall0Elisabetta Di Felice1Barbara Toffoli2Chiara Ceci3Barbara Di Martino4Fulvio Marsilio5Axel Mauroy6Etienne Thiry7FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Liège University, 4000 Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Diagnosis and Surveillance of Exotic Disease, IZS Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale A&M G. Caporale, 64100 Teramo, ItalyFARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Liège University, 4000 Liège, BelgiumFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyFARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Liège University, 4000 Liège, BelgiumFARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Liège University, 4000 Liège, BelgiumViral recombination is a key mechanism in the evolution and diversity of noroviruses. In vivo, synchronous single-cell coinfection by multiple viruses, the ultimate prerequisite to viral recombination, is likely to be a rare event and delayed secondary infections are a more probable occurrence. Here, we determine the effect of a temporal separation of in vitro infections with the two homologous murine norovirus strains MNV-1 WU20 and CW1 on the composition of nascent viral populations. WU20 and CW1 were either synchronously inoculated onto murine macrophage cell monolayers (coinfection) or asynchronously applied (superinfection with varying titres of CW1 at half-hour to 24-h delays). Then, 24 h after initial co-or superinfection, quantification of genomic copy numbers and discriminative screening of plaque picked infectious progeny viruses demonstrated a time-dependent predominance of primary infecting WU20 in the majority of viral progenies. Our results indicate that a time interval from one to two hours onwards between two consecutive norovirus infections allows for the establishment of a barrier that reduces or prevents superinfection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/823norovirusmurine noroviruscoinfectionsuperinfectionsuperinfection exclusioninterference |
| spellingShingle | Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall Elisabetta Di Felice Barbara Toffoli Chiara Ceci Barbara Di Martino Fulvio Marsilio Axel Mauroy Etienne Thiry Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects Viruses norovirus murine norovirus coinfection superinfection superinfection exclusion interference |
| title | Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects |
| title_full | Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects |
| title_short | Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous In Vitro Infections with Homologous Murine Norovirus Strains Reveals Time-Dependent Viral Interference Effects |
| title_sort | analysis of synchronous and asynchronous in vitro infections with homologous murine norovirus strains reveals time dependent viral interference effects |
| topic | norovirus murine norovirus coinfection superinfection superinfection exclusion interference |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/5/823 |
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