Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021
An influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples wer...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/583 |
| _version_ | 1797617808789471232 |
|---|---|
| author | Irina Chon Reiko Saito Yadanar Kyaw Moe Myat Aye Swe Setk Wint Wint Phyu Keita Wagatsuma Jiaming Li Yuyang Sun Teruhime Otoguro Su Mon Kyaw Win Sayaka Yoshioka Nay Chi Win Lasham Di Ja Htay Htay Tin Hisami Watanabe |
| author_facet | Irina Chon Reiko Saito Yadanar Kyaw Moe Myat Aye Swe Setk Wint Wint Phyu Keita Wagatsuma Jiaming Li Yuyang Sun Teruhime Otoguro Su Mon Kyaw Win Sayaka Yoshioka Nay Chi Win Lasham Di Ja Htay Htay Tin Hisami Watanabe |
| author_sort | Irina Chon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples were screened by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and 30 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B underwent further typing/subtyping for cycle threshold (C<i>t</i>) value determination based on cycling probe RT-PCR. The majority of subtyped samples (n = 13) were influenza A(H3N2), while only three were B/Victoria. Clinical samples with low C<i>t</i> values obtained by RT-PCR were used for whole-genome sequencing via next-generation sequencing technology. All collected viruses were distinct from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains of the corresponding season but matched with vaccines of the following season. Influenza A(H3N2) strains from Myanmar belonged to clade 2a.3 and shared the highest genetic proximity with Bahraini strains. B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade V1A.3a.2 and were genetically similar to Bangladeshi strains. This study highlights the importance of performing influenza virus surveillance with genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar, to contribute to global influenza surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb98a2d9ebed4e668d93534801358e70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:00:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb98a2d9ebed4e668d93534801358e702023-11-16T23:50:59ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-02-0115258310.3390/v15020583Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021Irina Chon0Reiko Saito1Yadanar Kyaw2Moe Myat Aye3Swe Setk4Wint Wint Phyu5Keita Wagatsuma6Jiaming Li7Yuyang Sun8Teruhime Otoguro9Su Mon Kyaw Win10Sayaka Yoshioka11Nay Chi Win12Lasham Di Ja13Htay Htay Tin14Hisami Watanabe15Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanRespiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun General Hospital, Yangon 110-71, MyanmarNational Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, MyanmarNational Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, MyanmarDivision of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanDivision of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, MyanmarInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, MyanmarInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar (IDRC), Yangon 111-91, MyanmarNational Health Laboratory, Department of Medical Services, Dagon Township, Yangon 111-91, MyanmarInfectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University (IDRC), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, JapanAn influenza circulation was observed in Myanmar between October and November in 2021. Patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness were screened using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, and 147/414 (35.5%) upper respiratory tract specimens presented positive results. All RDT-positive samples were screened by a commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, and 30 samples positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B underwent further typing/subtyping for cycle threshold (C<i>t</i>) value determination based on cycling probe RT-PCR. The majority of subtyped samples (n = 13) were influenza A(H3N2), while only three were B/Victoria. Clinical samples with low C<i>t</i> values obtained by RT-PCR were used for whole-genome sequencing via next-generation sequencing technology. All collected viruses were distinct from the Southern Hemisphere vaccine strains of the corresponding season but matched with vaccines of the following season. Influenza A(H3N2) strains from Myanmar belonged to clade 2a.3 and shared the highest genetic proximity with Bahraini strains. B/Victoria viruses belonged to clade V1A.3a.2 and were genetically similar to Bangladeshi strains. This study highlights the importance of performing influenza virus surveillance with genetic characterization of the influenza virus in Myanmar, to contribute to global influenza surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/583influenzaA(H3N2)B/VictoriaMyanmarwhole-genome analysisCOVID-19 |
| spellingShingle | Irina Chon Reiko Saito Yadanar Kyaw Moe Myat Aye Swe Setk Wint Wint Phyu Keita Wagatsuma Jiaming Li Yuyang Sun Teruhime Otoguro Su Mon Kyaw Win Sayaka Yoshioka Nay Chi Win Lasham Di Ja Htay Htay Tin Hisami Watanabe Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 Viruses influenza A(H3N2) B/Victoria Myanmar whole-genome analysis COVID-19 |
| title | Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 |
| title_full | Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 |
| title_short | Whole-Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria Viruses Detected in Myanmar during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2021 |
| title_sort | whole genome analysis of influenza a h3n2 and b victoria viruses detected in myanmar during the covid 19 pandemic in 2021 |
| topic | influenza A(H3N2) B/Victoria Myanmar whole-genome analysis COVID-19 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/2/583 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT irinachon wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT reikosaito wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT yadanarkyaw wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT moemyataye wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT swesetk wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT wintwintphyu wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT keitawagatsuma wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT jiamingli wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT yuyangsun wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT teruhimeotoguro wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT sumonkyawwin wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT sayakayoshioka wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT naychiwin wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT lashamdija wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT htayhtaytin wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 AT hisamiwatanabe wholegenomeanalysisofinfluenzaah3n2andbvictoriavirusesdetectedinmyanmarduringthecovid19pandemicin2021 |