Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
The imperfect effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines is often blamed on antigenic mismatch, but even when the match appears good, effectiveness can be surprisingly low. Seasonal influenza vaccines also stand out for their variable effectiveness by age group from year to year and by recent vacc...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/6/2/28 |
| _version_ | 1811300952145133568 |
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| author | Joseph A. Lewnard Sarah Cobey |
| author_facet | Joseph A. Lewnard Sarah Cobey |
| author_sort | Joseph A. Lewnard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The imperfect effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines is often blamed on antigenic mismatch, but even when the match appears good, effectiveness can be surprisingly low. Seasonal influenza vaccines also stand out for their variable effectiveness by age group from year to year and by recent vaccination status. These patterns suggest a role for immune history in influenza vaccine effectiveness, but inference is complicated by uncertainty about the contributions of bias to the estimates themselves. In this review, we describe unexpected patterns in the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and explain how these patterns might arise as consequences of study design, the dynamics of immune memory, or both. Resolving this uncertainty could lead to improvements in vaccination strategy, including the use of universal vaccines in experienced populations, and the evaluation of vaccine efficacy against influenza and other antigenically variable pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:00:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb9900ca0227426a9c9f62a7f0ba7389 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:00:12Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb9900ca0227426a9c9f62a7f0ba73892022-12-22T02:57:09ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2018-05-01622810.3390/vaccines6020028vaccines6020028Immune History and Influenza Vaccine EffectivenessJoseph A. Lewnard0Sarah Cobey1Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USADepartment of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAThe imperfect effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines is often blamed on antigenic mismatch, but even when the match appears good, effectiveness can be surprisingly low. Seasonal influenza vaccines also stand out for their variable effectiveness by age group from year to year and by recent vaccination status. These patterns suggest a role for immune history in influenza vaccine effectiveness, but inference is complicated by uncertainty about the contributions of bias to the estimates themselves. In this review, we describe unexpected patterns in the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and explain how these patterns might arise as consequences of study design, the dynamics of immune memory, or both. Resolving this uncertainty could lead to improvements in vaccination strategy, including the use of universal vaccines in experienced populations, and the evaluation of vaccine efficacy against influenza and other antigenically variable pathogens.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/6/2/28vaccine effectivenessrepeat vaccinationoriginal antigenic sintest-negative designseasonal influenza vaccineuniversal influenza vaccineimprinting |
| spellingShingle | Joseph A. Lewnard Sarah Cobey Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Vaccines vaccine effectiveness repeat vaccination original antigenic sin test-negative design seasonal influenza vaccine universal influenza vaccine imprinting |
| title | Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness |
| title_full | Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness |
| title_fullStr | Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness |
| title_short | Immune History and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness |
| title_sort | immune history and influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| topic | vaccine effectiveness repeat vaccination original antigenic sin test-negative design seasonal influenza vaccine universal influenza vaccine imprinting |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/6/2/28 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephalewnard immunehistoryandinfluenzavaccineeffectiveness AT sarahcobey immunehistoryandinfluenzavaccineeffectiveness |