Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies
Galaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure (LSS) statistics for cosmology. Cosmological hydrodynamic simu...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Universe |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/209 |
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| author | Benjamin D. Oppenheimer Arif Babul Yannick Bahé Iryna S. Butsky Ian G. McCarthy |
| author_facet | Benjamin D. Oppenheimer Arif Babul Yannick Bahé Iryna S. Butsky Ian G. McCarthy |
| author_sort | Benjamin D. Oppenheimer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Galaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure (LSS) statistics for cosmology. Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of groups on various scales offer an unparalleled testing ground for astrophysical theories. Widely used cosmological simulations with ∼(100 Mpc)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> volumes contain statistical samples of groups that provide important tests of galaxy evolution influenced by environmental processes. Larger volumes capable of reproducing LSS while following the redistribution of baryons by cooling and feedback are the essential tools necessary to constrain cosmological parameters. Higher resolution simulations can currently model satellite interactions, the processing of cool (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>≈</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> K) multi-phase gas, and non-thermal physics including turbulence, magnetic fields and cosmic ray transport. We review simulation results regarding the gas and stellar contents of groups, cooling flows and the relation to the central galaxy, the formation and processing of multi-phase gas, satellite interactions with the intragroup medium, and the impact of groups for cosmological parameter estimation. Cosmological simulations provide evolutionarily consistent predictions of these observationally difficult-to-define objects, and have untapped potential to accurately model their gaseous, stellar and dark matter distributions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:54:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb9df5cb99ec42ccb0176c2050cfdb91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:54:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb9df5cb99ec42ccb0176c2050cfdb912023-12-03T13:07:59ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972021-06-017720910.3390/universe7070209Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and GalaxiesBenjamin D. Oppenheimer0Arif Babul1Yannick Bahé2Iryna S. Butsky3Ian G. McCarthy4CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, CanadaLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsAstronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L53RF, UKGalaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure (LSS) statistics for cosmology. Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of groups on various scales offer an unparalleled testing ground for astrophysical theories. Widely used cosmological simulations with ∼(100 Mpc)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> volumes contain statistical samples of groups that provide important tests of galaxy evolution influenced by environmental processes. Larger volumes capable of reproducing LSS while following the redistribution of baryons by cooling and feedback are the essential tools necessary to constrain cosmological parameters. Higher resolution simulations can currently model satellite interactions, the processing of cool (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>≈</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> K) multi-phase gas, and non-thermal physics including turbulence, magnetic fields and cosmic ray transport. We review simulation results regarding the gas and stellar contents of groups, cooling flows and the relation to the central galaxy, the formation and processing of multi-phase gas, satellite interactions with the intragroup medium, and the impact of groups for cosmological parameter estimation. Cosmological simulations provide evolutionarily consistent predictions of these observationally difficult-to-define objects, and have untapped potential to accurately model their gaseous, stellar and dark matter distributions.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/209black holesgalaxy groupsgalaxy surveysintragroup medium/plasmahydrodynamical and cosmological simulationsactive galactic nuclei |
| spellingShingle | Benjamin D. Oppenheimer Arif Babul Yannick Bahé Iryna S. Butsky Ian G. McCarthy Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies Universe black holes galaxy groups galaxy surveys intragroup medium/plasma hydrodynamical and cosmological simulations active galactic nuclei |
| title | Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies |
| title_full | Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies |
| title_fullStr | Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies |
| title_short | Simulating Groups and the IntraGroup Medium: The Surprisingly Complex and Rich Middle Ground between Clusters and Galaxies |
| title_sort | simulating groups and the intragroup medium the surprisingly complex and rich middle ground between clusters and galaxies |
| topic | black holes galaxy groups galaxy surveys intragroup medium/plasma hydrodynamical and cosmological simulations active galactic nuclei |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/7/209 |
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