Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals
Abstract Background Healthy lifestyle habits are recommended in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited knowledge concerning the change in lifestyle-related factors from before to after a CVD event. Thus, this study aimed to explore if and how lifestyle habits and other...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01446-w |
| _version_ | 1797849857070727168 |
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| author | Amanda Lönn Lena V. Kallings Gunnar Andersson Sofia Paulsson Peter Wallin Jane Salier Eriksson Elin Ekblom-Bak |
| author_facet | Amanda Lönn Lena V. Kallings Gunnar Andersson Sofia Paulsson Peter Wallin Jane Salier Eriksson Elin Ekblom-Bak |
| author_sort | Amanda Lönn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Healthy lifestyle habits are recommended in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited knowledge concerning the change in lifestyle-related factors from before to after a CVD event. Thus, this study aimed to explore if and how lifestyle habits and other lifestyle-related factors changed between two health assessments in individuals experiencing a CVD event between the assessments, and if changes varied between subgroups of sex, age, educational level, duration from CVD event to second assessment and type of CVD event. Methods Among 115,504 Swedish employees with data from two assessments of occupational health screenings between 1992 and 2020, a total of 637 individuals (74% men, mean age 47 ± SD 9 years) were identified having had a CVD event (ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrythmia or stroke) between the assessments. Cases were matched with controls without an event between assessments from the same database (ratio 1:3, matching with replacement) by sex, age, and time between assessment (n = 1911 controls). Lifestyle habits included smoking, active commuting, exercise, diet, alcohol intake, and were self-rated. Lifestyle-related factors included overall stress, overall health (both self-rated), physical capacity (estimated by submaximal cycling), body mass index and resting blood pressure. Differences in lifestyle habits and lifestyle-related factors between cases and controls, and changes over time, were analysed with parametric and non-parametric tests. Multiple logistic regression, OR (95% CI) was used to analyse differences in change between subgroups. Results Cases had, in general, a higher prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits as well as negative life-style related factors prior to the event compared to controls. Nevertheless, cases improved their lifestyle habits and lifestyle factors to a higher degree than controls, especially their amount of active commuting (p = 0.025), exercise (p = 0.009) and non-smoking (p < 0.001). However, BMI and overall health deteriorated to a greater extent (p < 0.001) among cases, while physical capacity (p < 0.001) decreased in both groups. Conclusion The results indicate that a CVD event may increase motivation to improve lifestyle habits. Nonetheless, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits was still high, emphasizing the need to improve implementation of primary and secondary CVD prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:52:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bba34410c87042599d50851816a8f0f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5868 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:52:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| spelling | doaj.art-bba34410c87042599d50851816a8f0f52023-04-09T11:27:10ZengBMCInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity1479-58682023-04-0120111210.1186/s12966-023-01446-wLifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individualsAmanda Lönn0Lena V. Kallings1Gunnar Andersson2Sofia Paulsson3Peter Wallin4Jane Salier Eriksson5Elin Ekblom-Bak6Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesResearch Department, HPI Health Profile InstituteResearch Department, HPI Health Profile InstituteResearch Department, HPI Health Profile InstituteDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesDepartment of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesAbstract Background Healthy lifestyle habits are recommended in prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited knowledge concerning the change in lifestyle-related factors from before to after a CVD event. Thus, this study aimed to explore if and how lifestyle habits and other lifestyle-related factors changed between two health assessments in individuals experiencing a CVD event between the assessments, and if changes varied between subgroups of sex, age, educational level, duration from CVD event to second assessment and type of CVD event. Methods Among 115,504 Swedish employees with data from two assessments of occupational health screenings between 1992 and 2020, a total of 637 individuals (74% men, mean age 47 ± SD 9 years) were identified having had a CVD event (ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrythmia or stroke) between the assessments. Cases were matched with controls without an event between assessments from the same database (ratio 1:3, matching with replacement) by sex, age, and time between assessment (n = 1911 controls). Lifestyle habits included smoking, active commuting, exercise, diet, alcohol intake, and were self-rated. Lifestyle-related factors included overall stress, overall health (both self-rated), physical capacity (estimated by submaximal cycling), body mass index and resting blood pressure. Differences in lifestyle habits and lifestyle-related factors between cases and controls, and changes over time, were analysed with parametric and non-parametric tests. Multiple logistic regression, OR (95% CI) was used to analyse differences in change between subgroups. Results Cases had, in general, a higher prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits as well as negative life-style related factors prior to the event compared to controls. Nevertheless, cases improved their lifestyle habits and lifestyle factors to a higher degree than controls, especially their amount of active commuting (p = 0.025), exercise (p = 0.009) and non-smoking (p < 0.001). However, BMI and overall health deteriorated to a greater extent (p < 0.001) among cases, while physical capacity (p < 0.001) decreased in both groups. Conclusion The results indicate that a CVD event may increase motivation to improve lifestyle habits. Nonetheless, the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle habits was still high, emphasizing the need to improve implementation of primary and secondary CVD prevention.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01446-wPhysical activitySmokingAlcohol habitsDiet habitsStressPhysical capacity |
| spellingShingle | Amanda Lönn Lena V. Kallings Gunnar Andersson Sofia Paulsson Peter Wallin Jane Salier Eriksson Elin Ekblom-Bak Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Physical activity Smoking Alcohol habits Diet habits Stress Physical capacity |
| title | Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals |
| title_full | Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals |
| title_fullStr | Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals |
| title_short | Lifestyle-related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis: a case control study among 2,548 Swedish individuals |
| title_sort | lifestyle related habits and factors before and after cardiovascular diagnosis a case control study among 2 548 swedish individuals |
| topic | Physical activity Smoking Alcohol habits Diet habits Stress Physical capacity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01446-w |
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