Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons
In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced from oil palm leaves (OPL) and palm kernel shells (PKS) using different concentrations (0%, 11%, and 33%) of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> as the activating agent. The Brunauer⁻Emmett⁻Teller (BET) results...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-12-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3410 |
| _version_ | 1817989887180144640 |
|---|---|
| author | Salisu Nasir Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Nor Azah Yusof Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir |
| author_facet | Salisu Nasir Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Nor Azah Yusof Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir |
| author_sort | Salisu Nasir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced from oil palm leaves (OPL) and palm kernel shells (PKS) using different concentrations (0%, 11%, and 33%) of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> as the activating agent. The Brunauer⁻Emmett⁻Teller (BET) results indicated that surface area decreases with the decreasing of the concentration of the H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in the following order: AC from oil palm leaves was (OPLAC-0% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (OPLAC-11% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (OPLAC-33% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), with the BET surface area values of 37, 760, and 780 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. Similarly, the PKS-derived AC followed the same trend of (PKSAC-0% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (PKSAC-11% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (PKSAC-33% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), with the BET surface area values of 3, 52, and 1324 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. Based on this finding, it was observed that H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> had exhibited an influential role on enhancing the surface properties of the AC. On the contrary, it slightly decreased the graphitic trait of the AC by considering their I<sub>G</sub>/I<sub>D</sub> trends, which were generated from the Raman spectral analysis. The energy storage capacity of the AC was further tested using cyclic voltammetry. Three of the samples were found to have high capacitance values of 434 F g<sup>−1</sup>, 162 F g<sup>−1</sup>, and 147 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 mVs<sup>−1</sup>. The first (434 F g<sup>−1</sup>) is much higher than the specific capacitance value (343 F g<sup>−1</sup>) of the only oil palm leaf-derived porous carbon nanoparticles ever reported in the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:52:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbb7d247a921477d9194052e3a19bbeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:52:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbb7d247a921477d9194052e3a19bbeb2022-12-22T02:21:46ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732018-12-011112341010.3390/en11123410en11123410Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated CarbonsSalisu Nasir0Mohd Zobir Hussein1Zulkarnain Zainal2Nor Azah Yusof3Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir4Materials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaMaterials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaIn this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced from oil palm leaves (OPL) and palm kernel shells (PKS) using different concentrations (0%, 11%, and 33%) of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> as the activating agent. The Brunauer⁻Emmett⁻Teller (BET) results indicated that surface area decreases with the decreasing of the concentration of the H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in the following order: AC from oil palm leaves was (OPLAC-0% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (OPLAC-11% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (OPLAC-33% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), with the BET surface area values of 37, 760, and 780 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. Similarly, the PKS-derived AC followed the same trend of (PKSAC-0% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (PKSAC-11% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) < (PKSAC-33% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>), with the BET surface area values of 3, 52, and 1324 m<sup>2</sup>/g, respectively. Based on this finding, it was observed that H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> had exhibited an influential role on enhancing the surface properties of the AC. On the contrary, it slightly decreased the graphitic trait of the AC by considering their I<sub>G</sub>/I<sub>D</sub> trends, which were generated from the Raman spectral analysis. The energy storage capacity of the AC was further tested using cyclic voltammetry. Three of the samples were found to have high capacitance values of 434 F g<sup>−1</sup>, 162 F g<sup>−1</sup>, and 147 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 mVs<sup>−1</sup>. The first (434 F g<sup>−1</sup>) is much higher than the specific capacitance value (343 F g<sup>−1</sup>) of the only oil palm leaf-derived porous carbon nanoparticles ever reported in the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3410oil palm wasteschemical activationactivated carbonelectrochemical energy storagesupercapacitorsurface area |
| spellingShingle | Salisu Nasir Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Nor Azah Yusof Syazwan Afif Mohd Zobir Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons Energies oil palm wastes chemical activation activated carbon electrochemical energy storage supercapacitor surface area |
| title | Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons |
| title_full | Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons |
| title_short | Electrochemical Energy Storage Potentials of Waste Biomass: Oil Palm Leaf- and Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Activated Carbons |
| title_sort | electrochemical energy storage potentials of waste biomass oil palm leaf and palm kernel shell derived activated carbons |
| topic | oil palm wastes chemical activation activated carbon electrochemical energy storage supercapacitor surface area |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3410 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salisunasir electrochemicalenergystoragepotentialsofwastebiomassoilpalmleafandpalmkernelshellderivedactivatedcarbons AT mohdzobirhussein electrochemicalenergystoragepotentialsofwastebiomassoilpalmleafandpalmkernelshellderivedactivatedcarbons AT zulkarnainzainal electrochemicalenergystoragepotentialsofwastebiomassoilpalmleafandpalmkernelshellderivedactivatedcarbons AT norazahyusof electrochemicalenergystoragepotentialsofwastebiomassoilpalmleafandpalmkernelshellderivedactivatedcarbons AT syazwanafifmohdzobir electrochemicalenergystoragepotentialsofwastebiomassoilpalmleafandpalmkernelshellderivedactivatedcarbons |