Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions
Sun damage on apples is attributed to the occurrence of high temperatures, incident radiation, and fruit and plant water parameters, all dependent on climatic conditions and management. The development of new production areas and climate changes increase the interest in studying the behavior of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1618 |
| _version_ | 1827686242942189568 |
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| author | Vivian Severino Mercedes Arias-Sibillotte Santiago Dogliotti Erna Frins José Antonio Yuri Jaime González-Talice |
| author_facet | Vivian Severino Mercedes Arias-Sibillotte Santiago Dogliotti Erna Frins José Antonio Yuri Jaime González-Talice |
| author_sort | Vivian Severino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sun damage on apples is attributed to the occurrence of high temperatures, incident radiation, and fruit and plant water parameters, all dependent on climatic conditions and management. The development of new production areas and climate changes increase the interest in studying the behavior of the fruit under different conditions. The effect on sun damage of three nets and two chemical protectants was evaluated in a commercial orchard of ‘Granny Smith’ in a neotropical climate during the 2012–2016 seasons. We recorded the evolution, incidence and severity of sunburn and sunscald. Fruit surface temperature, fruit size, sprouting and return to flowering was also recorded. Incident radiation and air temperature were considered for the assessment of the crop’s microclimate. The transmittance in PAR wavelength and the air temperature variation on netting treatments reached 0.4 and 9 °C, respectively. The fruit surface temperature for the White-Net and Black-Net-50% treatments was always lower than 46 °C. For the sun damaged fruits, the Black-Net-50% treatment showed the highest proportion of slightly sunburned fruits (94%) and the lowest proportion of heavy damages, with a sunscald index equal to or less than 2 (on a scale of 1–4) in all the tested conditions. In a neotropical climate, protectant applications did not reduce the incidence of sunburn, but with the use of nets it was possible to reduce both sunburn and sunscald without affecting growth processes dependent on leaf net assimilation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:05:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbbc45b71c8c4916a75e6ca32067b061 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:05:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbbc45b71c8c4916a75e6ca32067b0612023-11-22T06:26:30ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-08-01118161810.3390/agronomy11081618Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate ConditionsVivian Severino0Mercedes Arias-Sibillotte1Santiago Dogliotti2Erna Frins3José Antonio Yuri4Jaime González-Talice5Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Garzón 780, Montevideo CP 12900, UruguayFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Garzón 780, Montevideo CP 12900, UruguayFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Garzón 780, Montevideo CP 12900, UruguayFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo CP 11300, UruguayCentro de Pomáceas, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente 1141, Talca CP 3460000, ChileFacultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Garzón 780, Montevideo CP 12900, UruguaySun damage on apples is attributed to the occurrence of high temperatures, incident radiation, and fruit and plant water parameters, all dependent on climatic conditions and management. The development of new production areas and climate changes increase the interest in studying the behavior of the fruit under different conditions. The effect on sun damage of three nets and two chemical protectants was evaluated in a commercial orchard of ‘Granny Smith’ in a neotropical climate during the 2012–2016 seasons. We recorded the evolution, incidence and severity of sunburn and sunscald. Fruit surface temperature, fruit size, sprouting and return to flowering was also recorded. Incident radiation and air temperature were considered for the assessment of the crop’s microclimate. The transmittance in PAR wavelength and the air temperature variation on netting treatments reached 0.4 and 9 °C, respectively. The fruit surface temperature for the White-Net and Black-Net-50% treatments was always lower than 46 °C. For the sun damaged fruits, the Black-Net-50% treatment showed the highest proportion of slightly sunburned fruits (94%) and the lowest proportion of heavy damages, with a sunscald index equal to or less than 2 (on a scale of 1–4) in all the tested conditions. In a neotropical climate, protectant applications did not reduce the incidence of sunburn, but with the use of nets it was possible to reduce both sunburn and sunscald without affecting growth processes dependent on leaf net assimilation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1618netssun chemical protectantssunscaldclimate changes |
| spellingShingle | Vivian Severino Mercedes Arias-Sibillotte Santiago Dogliotti Erna Frins José Antonio Yuri Jaime González-Talice Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions Agronomy nets sun chemical protectants sunscald climate changes |
| title | Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions |
| title_full | Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions |
| title_short | Pre- and Postharvest Management of Sunburn in ‘Granny Smith’ Apples (<i>Malus</i> × <i>domestica</i> Borkh) under Neotropical Climate Conditions |
| title_sort | pre and postharvest management of sunburn in granny smith apples i malus i i domestica i borkh under neotropical climate conditions |
| topic | nets sun chemical protectants sunscald climate changes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1618 |
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