<i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<i>KRAS</i>), or guanosine triphosphatase <i>KRAS</i>, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that <i>KRAS</i> can promote cytokine secretion,...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3070 |
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| author | Wenjie Yu Hao Jiang Fengjiao Liu Ze Li Lingxia Xu Chang Liu Wenfa Lv Jun Wang Yan Gao Shuang Liang Nam-Hyung Kim Jiabao Zhang Chengzhen Chen Bao Yuan |
| author_facet | Wenjie Yu Hao Jiang Fengjiao Liu Ze Li Lingxia Xu Chang Liu Wenfa Lv Jun Wang Yan Gao Shuang Liang Nam-Hyung Kim Jiabao Zhang Chengzhen Chen Bao Yuan |
| author_sort | Wenjie Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<i>KRAS</i>), or guanosine triphosphatase <i>KRAS</i>, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that <i>KRAS</i> can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of <i>KRAS</i> inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of <i>KRAS</i> changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, <i>KRAS</i> inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of <i>KRAS</i> would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:33Z |
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| id | doaj.art-bbc06ab18f1d45b9abc654feb7c0f5f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:32:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbc06ab18f1d45b9abc654feb7c0f5f12023-11-24T07:27:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-11-011222307010.3390/ani12223070<i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial CellsWenjie Yu0Hao Jiang1Fengjiao Liu2Ze Li3Lingxia Xu4Chang Liu5Wenfa Lv6Jun Wang7Yan Gao8Shuang Liang9Nam-Hyung Kim10Jiabao Zhang11Chengzhen Chen12Bao Yuan13Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaSchool of Grains, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun 130507, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaKirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (<i>KRAS</i>), or guanosine triphosphatase <i>KRAS</i>, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that <i>KRAS</i> can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of <i>KRAS</i> inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of <i>KRAS</i> changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, <i>KRAS</i> inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of <i>KRAS</i> would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3070milk fatlipid metabolismtriglyceride<i>KRAS</i>MAPKendoplasmic reticulum |
| spellingShingle | Wenjie Yu Hao Jiang Fengjiao Liu Ze Li Lingxia Xu Chang Liu Wenfa Lv Jun Wang Yan Gao Shuang Liang Nam-Hyung Kim Jiabao Zhang Chengzhen Chen Bao Yuan <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Animals milk fat lipid metabolism triglyceride <i>KRAS</i> MAPK endoplasmic reticulum |
| title | <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full | <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_fullStr | <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_short | <i>KRAS</i> Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells |
| title_sort | i kras i affects the lipid composition by regulating mitochondrial functions and mapk activation in bovine mammary epithelial cells |
| topic | milk fat lipid metabolism triglyceride <i>KRAS</i> MAPK endoplasmic reticulum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/22/3070 |
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