Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae)
Skeletal anomalies are commonplace among farmed fish. The pug-headedness anomaly is an osteological condition that results in the deformation of the maxilla, pre-maxilla, and infraorbital bones. Here, we report the first record of pug-headedness in an isolated population of the critically endangered...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/9/353 |
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| author | Francesco Palmas Tommaso Righi Alessio Musu Cheoma Frongia Cinzia Podda Melissa Serra Andrea Splendiani Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi Andrea Sabatini |
| author_facet | Francesco Palmas Tommaso Righi Alessio Musu Cheoma Frongia Cinzia Podda Melissa Serra Andrea Splendiani Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi Andrea Sabatini |
| author_sort | Francesco Palmas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal anomalies are commonplace among farmed fish. The pug-headedness anomaly is an osteological condition that results in the deformation of the maxilla, pre-maxilla, and infraorbital bones. Here, we report the first record of pug-headedness in an isolated population of the critically endangered native Mediterranean trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 complex from Sardinia, Italy. Fin clips were collected for the molecular analyses (D-loop, <i>LDH-C1*</i> locus. and 11 microsatellites). A jaw index (JI) was used to classify jaw deformities. Ratios between the values of morphometric measurements of the head and body length were calculated and plotted against values of body length to identify the ratios that best discriminated between malformed and normal trout. Haplotypes belonging to the AD lineage and the genotype <i>LDH-C1*100/100</i> were observed in all samples, suggesting high genetic integrity of the population. The analysis of 11 microsatellites revealed that observed heterozygosity was similar to the expected one, suggesting the absence of inbreeding or outbreeding depression. The frequency of occurrence of pug-headedness was 12.5% (two out of 16). One specimen had a strongly blunted forehead and an abnormally short upper jaw, while another had a slightly anomaly asymmetrical jaw. Although sample size was limited, variation in environmental factors during larval development seemed to be the most likely factors to trigger the deformities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:53Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:19:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bbcdbd4418214ba8beca07e94bb6e31a2023-11-20T13:49:11ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182020-09-0112935310.3390/d12090353Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae)Francesco Palmas0Tommaso Righi1Alessio Musu2Cheoma Frongia3Cinzia Podda4Melissa Serra5Andrea Splendiani6Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi7Andrea Sabatini8Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60100 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60100 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60100 Ancona, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Via T. Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari (CA), ItalySkeletal anomalies are commonplace among farmed fish. The pug-headedness anomaly is an osteological condition that results in the deformation of the maxilla, pre-maxilla, and infraorbital bones. Here, we report the first record of pug-headedness in an isolated population of the critically endangered native Mediterranean trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 complex from Sardinia, Italy. Fin clips were collected for the molecular analyses (D-loop, <i>LDH-C1*</i> locus. and 11 microsatellites). A jaw index (JI) was used to classify jaw deformities. Ratios between the values of morphometric measurements of the head and body length were calculated and plotted against values of body length to identify the ratios that best discriminated between malformed and normal trout. Haplotypes belonging to the AD lineage and the genotype <i>LDH-C1*100/100</i> were observed in all samples, suggesting high genetic integrity of the population. The analysis of 11 microsatellites revealed that observed heterozygosity was similar to the expected one, suggesting the absence of inbreeding or outbreeding depression. The frequency of occurrence of pug-headedness was 12.5% (two out of 16). One specimen had a strongly blunted forehead and an abnormally short upper jaw, while another had a slightly anomaly asymmetrical jaw. Although sample size was limited, variation in environmental factors during larval development seemed to be the most likely factors to trigger the deformities.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/9/353small isolated populationMediterranean native troutmorphological deformities |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Palmas Tommaso Righi Alessio Musu Cheoma Frongia Cinzia Podda Melissa Serra Andrea Splendiani Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi Andrea Sabatini Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) Diversity small isolated population Mediterranean native trout morphological deformities |
| title | Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) |
| title_full | Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) |
| title_fullStr | Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) |
| title_short | Pug-Headedness Anomaly in a Wild and Isolated Population of Native Mediterranean Trout <i>Salmo trutta</i> L., 1758 Complex (Osteichthyes: Salmonidae) |
| title_sort | pug headedness anomaly in a wild and isolated population of native mediterranean trout i salmo trutta i l 1758 complex osteichthyes salmonidae |
| topic | small isolated population Mediterranean native trout morphological deformities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/9/353 |
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