Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil
Abstract Background The Coronator Group encompasses Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, Culex camposi Dyar, Culex covagarciai Forattini, Culex ousqua Dyar, Culex usquatissimus Dyar, Culex usquatus Dyar and Culex yojoae Strickman. Culex coronator has the largest geographic distribution, occurring in Nor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-174 |
| _version_ | 1797811708814688256 |
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| author | Bruna Demari-Silva Lincoln Suesdek Maria Anice Mureb Sallum Mauro Toledo Marrelli |
| author_facet | Bruna Demari-Silva Lincoln Suesdek Maria Anice Mureb Sallum Mauro Toledo Marrelli |
| author_sort | Bruna Demari-Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Coronator Group encompasses Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, Culex camposi Dyar, Culex covagarciai Forattini, Culex ousqua Dyar, Culex usquatissimus Dyar, Culex usquatus Dyar and Culex yojoae Strickman. Culex coronator has the largest geographic distribution, occurring in North, Central and South America. Moreover, it is a potential vector-borne mosquito species because females have been found naturally infected with several arboviruses, i.e., Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus. Considering the epidemiological importance of Cx. coronator, we investigated the wing shape diversity of Cx. coronator from South and Southeast Brazil, a method to preliminarily estimate population diversity. Methods Field-collected immature stages of seven populations from a large geographical area in Brazil were maintained in the laboratory to obtain both females and males linked with pupal and/or larval exuviae. For each individual female, 18 landmarks of left wings were marked and digitalized. After Procrustes superimposition, discriminant analysis of shape was employed to quantify wing shape variation among populations. The isometric estimator centroid size was calculated to assess the overall wing size and allometry. Results Wing shape was polymorphic among populations of Cx. coronator. However, dissimilarities among populations were higher than those observed within each population, suggesting populational differentiation in Cx. coronator. Morphological distances between populations were not correlated to geographical distances, indicating that other factors may act on wing shape and thus, determining microevolutionary patterns in Cx. coronator. Despite the population differentiation, intrapopulational wing shape variability was equivalent among all seven populations. Conclusion The wing variability found in Cx. coronator populations brings to light a new biological problem to be investigated: the population genetics of Cx. coronator. Because of differences in the male genitalia, we also transferred Cx. yojoae to the Apicinus Subgroup. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:27:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbd1e56538124d9a8af7cfbab44aa547 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:27:43Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbd1e56538124d9a8af7cfbab44aa5472023-06-04T11:17:59ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052014-04-01711910.1186/1756-3305-7-174Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast BrazilBruna Demari-Silva0Lincoln Suesdek1Maria Anice Mureb Sallum2Mauro Toledo Marrelli3Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloInstituto ButantanFaculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São PauloAbstract Background The Coronator Group encompasses Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, Culex camposi Dyar, Culex covagarciai Forattini, Culex ousqua Dyar, Culex usquatissimus Dyar, Culex usquatus Dyar and Culex yojoae Strickman. Culex coronator has the largest geographic distribution, occurring in North, Central and South America. Moreover, it is a potential vector-borne mosquito species because females have been found naturally infected with several arboviruses, i.e., Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus and West Nile Virus. Considering the epidemiological importance of Cx. coronator, we investigated the wing shape diversity of Cx. coronator from South and Southeast Brazil, a method to preliminarily estimate population diversity. Methods Field-collected immature stages of seven populations from a large geographical area in Brazil were maintained in the laboratory to obtain both females and males linked with pupal and/or larval exuviae. For each individual female, 18 landmarks of left wings were marked and digitalized. After Procrustes superimposition, discriminant analysis of shape was employed to quantify wing shape variation among populations. The isometric estimator centroid size was calculated to assess the overall wing size and allometry. Results Wing shape was polymorphic among populations of Cx. coronator. However, dissimilarities among populations were higher than those observed within each population, suggesting populational differentiation in Cx. coronator. Morphological distances between populations were not correlated to geographical distances, indicating that other factors may act on wing shape and thus, determining microevolutionary patterns in Cx. coronator. Despite the population differentiation, intrapopulational wing shape variability was equivalent among all seven populations. Conclusion The wing variability found in Cx. coronator populations brings to light a new biological problem to be investigated: the population genetics of Cx. coronator. Because of differences in the male genitalia, we also transferred Cx. yojoae to the Apicinus Subgroup.https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-174Coronator groupCx. coronatorWing geometric morphometricsCerradoAtlantic forest |
| spellingShingle | Bruna Demari-Silva Lincoln Suesdek Maria Anice Mureb Sallum Mauro Toledo Marrelli Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil Parasites & Vectors Coronator group Cx. coronator Wing geometric morphometrics Cerrado Atlantic forest |
| title | Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil |
| title_full | Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil |
| title_short | Wing geometry of Culex coronator (Diptera: Culicidae) from South and Southeast Brazil |
| title_sort | wing geometry of culex coronator diptera culicidae from south and southeast brazil |
| topic | Coronator group Cx. coronator Wing geometric morphometrics Cerrado Atlantic forest |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-174 |
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