Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids
Abstract Objective Biosolubility is an important parameter in the understanding of mechanisms involved in pulmonary toxicity of fibrous materials. It can be studied in vitro using models of simulated lung fluids and observing the loss of structural molecules, expressed as dissolution constant (Kdis)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12995-019-0235-z |
| _version_ | 1798038791110262784 |
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| author | Annapaola Cannizzaro Federica Angelosanto Elena Barrese Antonella Campopiano |
| author_facet | Annapaola Cannizzaro Federica Angelosanto Elena Barrese Antonella Campopiano |
| author_sort | Annapaola Cannizzaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Biosolubility is an important parameter in the understanding of mechanisms involved in pulmonary toxicity of fibrous materials. It can be studied in vitro using models of simulated lung fluids and observing the loss of structural molecules, expressed as dissolution constant (Kdis). The aim of this paper was the study of dissolution behaviour of four wools belonging to high temperature insulation wools (HTIW) in saline solutions simulating lung fluids. Methods Four HTIW were studied in saline solutions at pH 7.4 (representative of the extracellular environment) and 4.5 (representative of the intracellular conditions): refractory ceramic fibers (RCF), two alkaline earth silicate wools (AES1 and AES2 with high calcium and magnesium content respectively), and polycrystalline wools (PCW). Size, morphological and chemical changes of fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results RCF, AES2 and PCW did not show statistically significant diameter changes. AES1 size distribution shifted to a larger mean diameter suggesting that through dissolution there was a preferential loss of thin fibers at acid pH after 14 days of treatment. Both AES wools showed selective leaching of alkali/alkali earth oxides (incongruent dissolution) at pH 7.4: a fast and extensive selective leaching of calcium for AES1 with complete dissolution of fibers already after 14 days of treatment and a moderate selective leaching of magnesium for AES2. PCW showed some transversal breakage of the fibers in both pH environments (low congruent dissolution). For RCF, the treatment produced uncorroded fibers in both pH environments without chemical changes and fiber fragmentation (no dissolution). The estimated Kdis at physiological pH followed the sequence: AES1 > AES2 > PCW > RCF. All wools had a low Kdis at acid pH suggesting a low dissolution rate of short fibers. Conclusion The leaching process and transverse fragmentation play an important role in the biopersistence mechanisms and pathogenicity of fibers and the Kdis estimate is undoubtedly useful as a preliminary toxicological screening of fibers, especially for developing fibers. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbd7c2cf110c4210aa1fb622099ca551 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1745-6673 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:45:11Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbd7c2cf110c4210aa1fb622099ca5512022-12-22T04:01:27ZengBMCJournal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology1745-66732019-05-0114111710.1186/s12995-019-0235-zBiosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluidsAnnapaola Cannizzaro0Federica Angelosanto1Elena Barrese2Antonella Campopiano3Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work-INAIL Research AreaDepartment of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work-INAIL Research AreaDepartment of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at WorkDepartment of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work-INAIL Research AreaAbstract Objective Biosolubility is an important parameter in the understanding of mechanisms involved in pulmonary toxicity of fibrous materials. It can be studied in vitro using models of simulated lung fluids and observing the loss of structural molecules, expressed as dissolution constant (Kdis). The aim of this paper was the study of dissolution behaviour of four wools belonging to high temperature insulation wools (HTIW) in saline solutions simulating lung fluids. Methods Four HTIW were studied in saline solutions at pH 7.4 (representative of the extracellular environment) and 4.5 (representative of the intracellular conditions): refractory ceramic fibers (RCF), two alkaline earth silicate wools (AES1 and AES2 with high calcium and magnesium content respectively), and polycrystalline wools (PCW). Size, morphological and chemical changes of fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results RCF, AES2 and PCW did not show statistically significant diameter changes. AES1 size distribution shifted to a larger mean diameter suggesting that through dissolution there was a preferential loss of thin fibers at acid pH after 14 days of treatment. Both AES wools showed selective leaching of alkali/alkali earth oxides (incongruent dissolution) at pH 7.4: a fast and extensive selective leaching of calcium for AES1 with complete dissolution of fibers already after 14 days of treatment and a moderate selective leaching of magnesium for AES2. PCW showed some transversal breakage of the fibers in both pH environments (low congruent dissolution). For RCF, the treatment produced uncorroded fibers in both pH environments without chemical changes and fiber fragmentation (no dissolution). The estimated Kdis at physiological pH followed the sequence: AES1 > AES2 > PCW > RCF. All wools had a low Kdis at acid pH suggesting a low dissolution rate of short fibers. Conclusion The leaching process and transverse fragmentation play an important role in the biopersistence mechanisms and pathogenicity of fibers and the Kdis estimate is undoubtedly useful as a preliminary toxicological screening of fibers, especially for developing fibers.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12995-019-0235-zAlkaline earth silicate woolBiosolubilityMan-made mineral fibersPolycrystalline woolsScanning electron microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Annapaola Cannizzaro Federica Angelosanto Elena Barrese Antonella Campopiano Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology Alkaline earth silicate wool Biosolubility Man-made mineral fibers Polycrystalline wools Scanning electron microscopy |
| title | Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| title_full | Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| title_fullStr | Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| title_short | Biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| title_sort | biosolubility of high temperature insulation wools in simulated lung fluids |
| topic | Alkaline earth silicate wool Biosolubility Man-made mineral fibers Polycrystalline wools Scanning electron microscopy |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12995-019-0235-z |
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