Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth
The present study aimed to evaluate the partial pressure of arterial blood gases in breath-hold divers performing a submersion at 40 m. Eight breath-hold divers were enrolled for the trials held at “Y-40 THE DEEP JOY” pool (Montegrotto Terme, Padova, Italy). Prior to submersion, an arterial cannula...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01558/full |
| _version_ | 1818034844906553344 |
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| author | Gerardo Bosco Alex Rizzato Luca Martani Simone Schiavo Ennio Talamonti Giacomo Garetto Matteo Paganini Enrico M. Camporesi Richard E. Moon |
| author_facet | Gerardo Bosco Alex Rizzato Luca Martani Simone Schiavo Ennio Talamonti Giacomo Garetto Matteo Paganini Enrico M. Camporesi Richard E. Moon |
| author_sort | Gerardo Bosco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to evaluate the partial pressure of arterial blood gases in breath-hold divers performing a submersion at 40 m. Eight breath-hold divers were enrolled for the trials held at “Y-40 THE DEEP JOY” pool (Montegrotto Terme, Padova, Italy). Prior to submersion, an arterial cannula in the radial artery of the non-dominant limb was positioned. All divers performed a sled-assisted breath-hold dive to 40 m. Three blood samplings occurred: at 10 min prior to submersion, at 40 m depth, and within 2 min after diver’s surfacing and after resuming normal ventilation. Blood samples were analyzed immediately on site. Six subjects completed the experiment, without diving-related problems. The theoretically predicted hyperoxia at the bottom was observed in 4 divers out of 6, while the other 2 experienced a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen (paO2) at the bottom. There were no significant increases in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2) at the end of descent in 4 of 6 divers, while in 2 divers paCO2 decreased. Arterial mean pH and mean bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels exhibited minor changes. There was a statistically significant increase in mean arterial lactate level after the exercise. Ours was the first attempt to verify real changes in blood gases at a depth of 40 m during a breath-hold descent in free-divers. We demonstrated that, at depth, relative hypoxemia can occur, presumably caused by lung compression. Also, hypercapnia exists at depth, to a lesser degree than would be expected from calculations, presumably because of pre-dive hyperventilation and carbon dioxide distribution in blood and tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:45:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbde6424787b43a6bd7f4df8cb66c659 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:45:37Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbde6424787b43a6bd7f4df8cb66c6592022-12-22T01:58:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2018-11-01910.3389/fphys.2018.01558420690Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at DepthGerardo Bosco0Alex Rizzato1Luca Martani2Simone Schiavo3Ennio Talamonti4Giacomo Garetto5Matteo Paganini6Enrico M. Camporesi7Richard E. Moon8Environmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyATIP Center for Hyperbaric Medicine, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyEnvironmental Physiology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyCenter for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United StatesThe present study aimed to evaluate the partial pressure of arterial blood gases in breath-hold divers performing a submersion at 40 m. Eight breath-hold divers were enrolled for the trials held at “Y-40 THE DEEP JOY” pool (Montegrotto Terme, Padova, Italy). Prior to submersion, an arterial cannula in the radial artery of the non-dominant limb was positioned. All divers performed a sled-assisted breath-hold dive to 40 m. Three blood samplings occurred: at 10 min prior to submersion, at 40 m depth, and within 2 min after diver’s surfacing and after resuming normal ventilation. Blood samples were analyzed immediately on site. Six subjects completed the experiment, without diving-related problems. The theoretically predicted hyperoxia at the bottom was observed in 4 divers out of 6, while the other 2 experienced a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen (paO2) at the bottom. There were no significant increases in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2) at the end of descent in 4 of 6 divers, while in 2 divers paCO2 decreased. Arterial mean pH and mean bicarbonate (HCO3−) levels exhibited minor changes. There was a statistically significant increase in mean arterial lactate level after the exercise. Ours was the first attempt to verify real changes in blood gases at a depth of 40 m during a breath-hold descent in free-divers. We demonstrated that, at depth, relative hypoxemia can occur, presumably caused by lung compression. Also, hypercapnia exists at depth, to a lesser degree than would be expected from calculations, presumably because of pre-dive hyperventilation and carbon dioxide distribution in blood and tissues.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01558/fullarterial blood gasblood gas analysisbreath-hold divingphysiologyunderwater |
| spellingShingle | Gerardo Bosco Alex Rizzato Luca Martani Simone Schiavo Ennio Talamonti Giacomo Garetto Matteo Paganini Enrico M. Camporesi Richard E. Moon Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth Frontiers in Physiology arterial blood gas blood gas analysis breath-hold diving physiology underwater |
| title | Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth |
| title_full | Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth |
| title_fullStr | Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth |
| title_short | Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Breath-Hold Divers at Depth |
| title_sort | arterial blood gas analysis in breath hold divers at depth |
| topic | arterial blood gas blood gas analysis breath-hold diving physiology underwater |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2018.01558/full |
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