Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content
Introduction: The knee meniscus distributes and dampens mechanical loads. It is composed of water (∼70%) and a porous fibrous matrix (∼30%) with a central core that is reinforced by circumferential collagen fibers enclosed by mesh-like superficial tibial and femoral layers. Daily loading activities...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205512/full |
| _version_ | 1797815593397649408 |
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| author | Andy Morejon Pedro L. Dalbo Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Alicia R. Jackson Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio |
| author_facet | Andy Morejon Pedro L. Dalbo Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Alicia R. Jackson Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio |
| author_sort | Andy Morejon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The knee meniscus distributes and dampens mechanical loads. It is composed of water (∼70%) and a porous fibrous matrix (∼30%) with a central core that is reinforced by circumferential collagen fibers enclosed by mesh-like superficial tibial and femoral layers. Daily loading activities produce mechanical tensile loads which are transferred through and dissipated by the meniscus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure how tensile mechanical properties and extent of energy dissipation vary by tension direction, meniscal layer, and water content.Methods: The central regions of porcine meniscal pairs (n = 8) were cut into tensile samples (4.7 mm length, 2.1 mm width, and 0.356 mm thickness) from core, femoral and tibial components. Core samples were prepared parallel (circumferential) and perpendicular (radial) to the fibers. Tensile testing consisted of frequency sweeps (0.01–1Hz) followed by quasi-static loading to failure. Dynamic testing yielded energy dissipation (ED), complex modulus (E*), and phase shift (δ) while quasi-static tests yielded Young’s Modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at UTS (εUTS). To investigate how ED is influenced by the specific mechanical parameters, linear regressions were performed. Correlations between sample water content (φw) and mechanical properties were investigated. A total of 64 samples were evaluated.Results: Dynamic tests showed that increasing loading frequency significantly reduced ED (p < 0.05). Circumferential samples had higher ED, E*, E, and UTS than radial ones (p < 0.001). Stiffness was highly correlated with ED (R2 > 0.75, p < 0.01). No differences were found between superficial and circumferential core layers. ED, E*, E, and UTS trended negatively with φw (p < 0.05).Discussion: Energy dissipation, stiffness, and strength are highly dependent on loading direction. A significant amount of energy dissipation may be associated with time-dependent reorganization of matrix fibers. This is the first study to analyze the tensile dynamic properties and energy dissipation of the meniscus surface layers. Results provide new insights on the mechanics and function of meniscal tissue. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbe12c0db5dc44a3bbae30bd5e0ce892 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T08:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbe12c0db5dc44a3bbae30bd5e0ce8922023-05-31T04:46:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852023-05-011110.3389/fbioe.2023.12055121205512Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water contentAndy Morejon0Pedro L. Dalbo1Thomas M. Best2Thomas M. Best3Thomas M. Best4Alicia R. Jackson5Francesco Travascio6Francesco Travascio7Francesco Travascio8Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesUHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesMax Biedermann Institute for Biomechanics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, United StatesIntroduction: The knee meniscus distributes and dampens mechanical loads. It is composed of water (∼70%) and a porous fibrous matrix (∼30%) with a central core that is reinforced by circumferential collagen fibers enclosed by mesh-like superficial tibial and femoral layers. Daily loading activities produce mechanical tensile loads which are transferred through and dissipated by the meniscus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure how tensile mechanical properties and extent of energy dissipation vary by tension direction, meniscal layer, and water content.Methods: The central regions of porcine meniscal pairs (n = 8) were cut into tensile samples (4.7 mm length, 2.1 mm width, and 0.356 mm thickness) from core, femoral and tibial components. Core samples were prepared parallel (circumferential) and perpendicular (radial) to the fibers. Tensile testing consisted of frequency sweeps (0.01–1Hz) followed by quasi-static loading to failure. Dynamic testing yielded energy dissipation (ED), complex modulus (E*), and phase shift (δ) while quasi-static tests yielded Young’s Modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and strain at UTS (εUTS). To investigate how ED is influenced by the specific mechanical parameters, linear regressions were performed. Correlations between sample water content (φw) and mechanical properties were investigated. A total of 64 samples were evaluated.Results: Dynamic tests showed that increasing loading frequency significantly reduced ED (p < 0.05). Circumferential samples had higher ED, E*, E, and UTS than radial ones (p < 0.001). Stiffness was highly correlated with ED (R2 > 0.75, p < 0.01). No differences were found between superficial and circumferential core layers. ED, E*, E, and UTS trended negatively with φw (p < 0.05).Discussion: Energy dissipation, stiffness, and strength are highly dependent on loading direction. A significant amount of energy dissipation may be associated with time-dependent reorganization of matrix fibers. This is the first study to analyze the tensile dynamic properties and energy dissipation of the meniscus surface layers. Results provide new insights on the mechanics and function of meniscal tissue.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205512/fullmechanicsquasi-staticdynamic modulusstrengthviscoelasticitysurface layers |
| spellingShingle | Andy Morejon Pedro L. Dalbo Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Thomas M. Best Alicia R. Jackson Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio Francesco Travascio Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology mechanics quasi-static dynamic modulus strength viscoelasticity surface layers |
| title | Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content |
| title_full | Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content |
| title_fullStr | Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content |
| title_short | Tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus: relationship with fiber orientation, tissue layer, and water content |
| title_sort | tensile energy dissipation and mechanical properties of the knee meniscus relationship with fiber orientation tissue layer and water content |
| topic | mechanics quasi-static dynamic modulus strength viscoelasticity surface layers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205512/full |
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