Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish
We have developed a wireless biosensor system to continuously monitor L-lactic acid concentrations in fish. The blood L-lactic acid level of fish is a barometer of stress. The biosensor comprised Pt-Ir wire (φ0.178 mm) as the working electrode and Ag/AgCl paste as the reference electrode. Lactate ox...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-05-01
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Series: | Sensors |
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Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/5/6269 |
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author | Hideaki Endo Huifeng Ren Kengo Hatanaka Mai Takase Kyoko Hibi |
author_facet | Hideaki Endo Huifeng Ren Kengo Hatanaka Mai Takase Kyoko Hibi |
author_sort | Hideaki Endo |
collection | DOAJ |
description | We have developed a wireless biosensor system to continuously monitor L-lactic acid concentrations in fish. The blood L-lactic acid level of fish is a barometer of stress. The biosensor comprised Pt-Ir wire (φ0.178 mm) as the working electrode and Ag/AgCl paste as the reference electrode. Lactate oxidase was immobilized on the working electrode using glutaraldehyde. The sensor calibration was linear and good correlated with L-lactic acid levels (R = 0.9959) in the range of 0.04 to 6.0 mg·dL<sup>−1</sup>. We used the eyeball interstitial sclera fluid (EISF) as the site of sensor implantation. The blood L-lactic acid levels correlated closely with the EISF L-lactic acid levels in the range of 3 to 13 mg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (R = 0.8173, n = 26). Wireless monitoring of L-lactic acid was performed using the sensor system in free-swimming fish in an aquarium. The sensor response was stable for over 60 h. Thus, our biosensor provided a rapid and convenient method for real-time monitoring of L-lactic acid levels in fish. |
first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:36:48Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-bbe3049c8ead4c19b13108b984c471b2 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1424-8220 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:36:48Z |
publishDate | 2012-05-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
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series | Sensors |
spelling | doaj.art-bbe3049c8ead4c19b13108b984c471b22022-12-22T04:21:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202012-05-011256269628110.3390/s120506269Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in FishHideaki EndoHuifeng RenKengo HatanakaMai TakaseKyoko HibiWe have developed a wireless biosensor system to continuously monitor L-lactic acid concentrations in fish. The blood L-lactic acid level of fish is a barometer of stress. The biosensor comprised Pt-Ir wire (φ0.178 mm) as the working electrode and Ag/AgCl paste as the reference electrode. Lactate oxidase was immobilized on the working electrode using glutaraldehyde. The sensor calibration was linear and good correlated with L-lactic acid levels (R = 0.9959) in the range of 0.04 to 6.0 mg·dL<sup>−1</sup>. We used the eyeball interstitial sclera fluid (EISF) as the site of sensor implantation. The blood L-lactic acid levels correlated closely with the EISF L-lactic acid levels in the range of 3 to 13 mg·dL<sup>−1</sup> (R = 0.8173, n = 26). Wireless monitoring of L-lactic acid was performed using the sensor system in free-swimming fish in an aquarium. The sensor response was stable for over 60 h. Thus, our biosensor provided a rapid and convenient method for real-time monitoring of L-lactic acid levels in fish.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/5/6269L-lactic acidfishwirelessmonitoringinterstitial fluid |
spellingShingle | Hideaki Endo Huifeng Ren Kengo Hatanaka Mai Takase Kyoko Hibi Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish Sensors L-lactic acid fish wireless monitoring interstitial fluid |
title | Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish |
title_full | Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish |
title_fullStr | Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish |
title_full_unstemmed | Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish |
title_short | Wireless Biosensor System for Real-Time L-Lactic Acid Monitoring in Fish |
title_sort | wireless biosensor system for real time l lactic acid monitoring in fish |
topic | L-lactic acid fish wireless monitoring interstitial fluid |
url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/12/5/6269 |
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