Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State
Background: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in circulated currency was recorded as a public health hazard. In this study, all examined Sudanese banknotes (100%) were found to be contaminated by gram-negative bacteria. Proteus mirabilis were recovered from 10 examined notes (22.2%, f = 10), E. co...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Knowledge E
2018-09-01
|
| Series: | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i3.2955 |
| _version_ | 1818601598826315776 |
|---|---|
| author | Alaa Abdalla Mukhtar Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil Malik Suliman Mohamed Hisham N Altayb Salaheldein G Elzaki Mohamed Salih Hassan |
| author_facet | Alaa Abdalla Mukhtar Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil Malik Suliman Mohamed Hisham N Altayb Salaheldein G Elzaki Mohamed Salih Hassan |
| author_sort | Alaa Abdalla Mukhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in circulated currency was recorded as a public health hazard. In this study, all examined Sudanese banknotes (100%) were found to be contaminated by gram-negative bacteria. Proteus mirabilis were recovered from 10 examined notes (22.2%, f = 10), E. coli (13.3%, f = 6) and Klebsiella spp. (8.9%, f = 4) were also identified. Only the most resistant P. mirabilis isolate was identified using culture-based and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. Methods:
Proteus isolates were identified phenotypically and tested for their susceptibility to 16 of commonly used antibiotics, then most resistant isolate was confirmed genotypically via 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis using BLAST for sequence similarity search, Clustal W program for multiple sequence alignment, MEGA7 software for phylogenetic analysis. Tree was constructed to show the evolutionary relationships of the obtained sequence with similar sequences in the databases using. Results: The obtained sequence was found to be 100% identical to P. mirabilis 16S rRNA gene using BLAST. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to show the evolutionary relationships of the obtained sequence with similar sequences in the databases using MEGA7 software, and the closest strain was found to be P. mirabilis strain from India (EU411047). Conclusion: This study has shown that some currency notes circulated at Khartoum transportation are carriers of antimicrobial-resistant P. mirabilis that could be potential source for their transmission in public. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbea316c5bc64e9aa23464c373e88743 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1858-5051 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T12:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | Knowledge E |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbea316c5bc64e9aa23464c373e887432022-12-21T22:31:05ZengKnowledge ESudan Journal of Medical Sciences1858-50512018-09-011311210.18502/sjms.v13i3.2955sjms.v13i3.2955Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum StateAlaa Abdalla Mukhtar0Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil1Malik Suliman Mohamed2Hisham N Altayb3Salaheldein G Elzaki4Mohamed Salih Hassan5 Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan Applied Bioinformatics Center, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, SudanBackground: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in circulated currency was recorded as a public health hazard. In this study, all examined Sudanese banknotes (100%) were found to be contaminated by gram-negative bacteria. Proteus mirabilis were recovered from 10 examined notes (22.2%, f = 10), E. coli (13.3%, f = 6) and Klebsiella spp. (8.9%, f = 4) were also identified. Only the most resistant P. mirabilis isolate was identified using culture-based and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. Methods: Proteus isolates were identified phenotypically and tested for their susceptibility to 16 of commonly used antibiotics, then most resistant isolate was confirmed genotypically via 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis using BLAST for sequence similarity search, Clustal W program for multiple sequence alignment, MEGA7 software for phylogenetic analysis. Tree was constructed to show the evolutionary relationships of the obtained sequence with similar sequences in the databases using. Results: The obtained sequence was found to be 100% identical to P. mirabilis 16S rRNA gene using BLAST. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to show the evolutionary relationships of the obtained sequence with similar sequences in the databases using MEGA7 software, and the closest strain was found to be P. mirabilis strain from India (EU411047). Conclusion: This study has shown that some currency notes circulated at Khartoum transportation are carriers of antimicrobial-resistant P. mirabilis that could be potential source for their transmission in public.https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i3.2955Proteus mirabilis, banknotes, 16S rRNA, Khartoum State |
| spellingShingle | Alaa Abdalla Mukhtar Noha Ahmed Abd Alfadil Malik Suliman Mohamed Hisham N Altayb Salaheldein G Elzaki Mohamed Salih Hassan Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Proteus mirabilis, banknotes, 16S rRNA, Khartoum State |
| title | Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State |
| title_full | Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State |
| title_short | Identification of Proteus mirabilis on Banknotes Using 16s rRNA Gene in Khartoum State |
| title_sort | identification of proteus mirabilis on banknotes using 16s rrna gene in khartoum state |
| topic | Proteus mirabilis, banknotes, 16S rRNA, Khartoum State |
| url | https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i3.2955 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alaaabdallamukhtar identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate AT nohaahmedabdalfadil identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate AT maliksulimanmohamed identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate AT hishamnaltayb identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate AT salaheldeingelzaki identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate AT mohamedsalihhassan identificationofproteusmirabilisonbanknotesusing16srrnageneinkhartoumstate |