Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis
A number of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have evolved to have significant immune escape have emerged worldwide since the COVID-19 outbreak. The efficacy of prime vaccination is waning with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and the necessity of booster doses is more and more prominent. Therefore, this study a...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1101 |
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| author | Haoyue Cheng Zhicheng Peng Shuting Si Xialidan Alifu Haibo Zhou Peihan Chi Yan Zhuang Minjia Mo Yunxian Yu |
| author_facet | Haoyue Cheng Zhicheng Peng Shuting Si Xialidan Alifu Haibo Zhou Peihan Chi Yan Zhuang Minjia Mo Yunxian Yu |
| author_sort | Haoyue Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A number of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have evolved to have significant immune escape have emerged worldwide since the COVID-19 outbreak. The efficacy of prime vaccination is waning with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and the necessity of booster doses is more and more prominent. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neutralization activity against the wild type and variants (Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in different prime–boost vaccination regimens. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, medRxiv, Wanfang and CNKI were used to retrieve original studies. A total of 16 studies, 9 prime–boost vaccination regimes, and 3134 subjects were included in the meta-analysis and random effect models were used to estimate pooled neutralization titers. The neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 showed a significant decline with the evolution of the virus, especially in the populations primed with inactivated vaccines. For homologous immunization, only the populations boosted with mRNA vaccines consistently had a significant rise in neutralization titers (Beta: MD = 0.97; Delta: MD = 1.33; Omicron: MD = 0.74). While the heterologous immunization was more effective, the increment of neutralization titers against wild type, Beta, Delta and Omicron was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.32–1.96), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.53–1.54), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.07–1.85) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.68–1.61), respectively. With the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the effectiveness of prime immunization is waning. Although the administration of the booster dose could ameliorate the neutralization titers, homologous immunization regimens were gradually losing their effectiveness. Therefore, a heterologous booster dose is required, especially in populations primed with inactivated vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbf1b57a670c435db7bb44ced37f74f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbf1b57a670c435db7bb44ced37f74f22023-11-30T22:03:02ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-07-01107110110.3390/vaccines10071101Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-AnalysisHaoyue Cheng0Zhicheng Peng1Shuting Si2Xialidan Alifu3Haibo Zhou4Peihan Chi5Yan Zhuang6Minjia Mo7Yunxian Yu8Department of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Public Health and Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaA number of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have evolved to have significant immune escape have emerged worldwide since the COVID-19 outbreak. The efficacy of prime vaccination is waning with the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and the necessity of booster doses is more and more prominent. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the neutralization activity against the wild type and variants (Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in different prime–boost vaccination regimens. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, medRxiv, Wanfang and CNKI were used to retrieve original studies. A total of 16 studies, 9 prime–boost vaccination regimes, and 3134 subjects were included in the meta-analysis and random effect models were used to estimate pooled neutralization titers. The neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 showed a significant decline with the evolution of the virus, especially in the populations primed with inactivated vaccines. For homologous immunization, only the populations boosted with mRNA vaccines consistently had a significant rise in neutralization titers (Beta: MD = 0.97; Delta: MD = 1.33; Omicron: MD = 0.74). While the heterologous immunization was more effective, the increment of neutralization titers against wild type, Beta, Delta and Omicron was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.32–1.96), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.53–1.54), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.07–1.85) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.68–1.61), respectively. With the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the effectiveness of prime immunization is waning. Although the administration of the booster dose could ameliorate the neutralization titers, homologous immunization regimens were gradually losing their effectiveness. Therefore, a heterologous booster dose is required, especially in populations primed with inactivated vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1101COVID-19 vaccinevariantboosterhomologousheterologousneutralization |
| spellingShingle | Haoyue Cheng Zhicheng Peng Shuting Si Xialidan Alifu Haibo Zhou Peihan Chi Yan Zhuang Minjia Mo Yunxian Yu Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis Vaccines COVID-19 vaccine variant booster homologous heterologous neutralization |
| title | Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Neutralization Activity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants after Booster Vaccination in Populations without COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | neutralization activity against sars cov 2 variants after booster vaccination in populations without covid 19 a meta analysis |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine variant booster homologous heterologous neutralization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/7/1101 |
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