Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model
(1) Background: An earlier study on the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. polyanthum</i> (Wight.) leaf methanol extract identified squalene as the major chemical compound. The present study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of fractions and subfractions of the methanol extract...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6814 |
| _version_ | 1827648692513931264 |
|---|---|
| author | Tri Widyawati Nor Adlin Yusoff Idris Bello Mohd Zaini Asmawi Mariam Ahmad |
| author_facet | Tri Widyawati Nor Adlin Yusoff Idris Bello Mohd Zaini Asmawi Mariam Ahmad |
| author_sort | Tri Widyawati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: An earlier study on the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. polyanthum</i> (Wight.) leaf methanol extract identified squalene as the major chemical compound. The present study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of fractions and subfractions of the methanol extract of <i>S. polyanthum</i> compared to the squalene using a bioassay-guided in vivo study. (2) Methods: The methanol extract was fractionated using the liquid–liquid fractionation method. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat was used to study the hypoglycemic effect. (3) Results: The findings showed that chloroform fraction significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels of diabetic rats as compared to the control. Further fractionation of chloroform fraction yielded subfraction-1 and -2, whereby subfraction-1 exhibited a higher blood-glucose-lowering effect. The lipid profile test showed that the total cholesterol level of subfraction-1 and squalene-treated groups decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An immunohistochemistry study revealed that none of the treatments regenerated pancreatic β-cells. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer analysis identified the presence of squalene in the active methanol extract, chloroform fraction, and subfraction-1. In silico analysis revealed a higher affinity of squalene against protein receptors that control lipid metabolism than metformin. (4) Conclusions: Data obtained from the present work suggested the crude methanol extract exerted the highest hypoglycemic effect compared to fraction, subfraction, and squalene, confirming synergistic effect may be responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. polyanthum</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bbfe07bc02ff46dc98e319579267d0a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-bbfe07bc02ff46dc98e319579267d0a62023-11-24T01:31:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012720681410.3390/molecules27206814Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat ModelTri Widyawati0Nor Adlin Yusoff1Idris Bello2Mohd Zaini Asmawi3Mariam Ahmad4Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, IndonesiaDepartment of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Sains@Bertam, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia(1) Background: An earlier study on the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. polyanthum</i> (Wight.) leaf methanol extract identified squalene as the major chemical compound. The present study was conducted to assess the hypoglycemic effect of fractions and subfractions of the methanol extract of <i>S. polyanthum</i> compared to the squalene using a bioassay-guided in vivo study. (2) Methods: The methanol extract was fractionated using the liquid–liquid fractionation method. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat was used to study the hypoglycemic effect. (3) Results: The findings showed that chloroform fraction significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels of diabetic rats as compared to the control. Further fractionation of chloroform fraction yielded subfraction-1 and -2, whereby subfraction-1 exhibited a higher blood-glucose-lowering effect. The lipid profile test showed that the total cholesterol level of subfraction-1 and squalene-treated groups decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An immunohistochemistry study revealed that none of the treatments regenerated pancreatic β-cells. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer analysis identified the presence of squalene in the active methanol extract, chloroform fraction, and subfraction-1. In silico analysis revealed a higher affinity of squalene against protein receptors that control lipid metabolism than metformin. (4) Conclusions: Data obtained from the present work suggested the crude methanol extract exerted the highest hypoglycemic effect compared to fraction, subfraction, and squalene, confirming synergistic effect may be responsible for the hypoglycemic activity of <i>S. polyanthum</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6814antihyperglycemicIndonesian bay leaves<i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)diabetessqualene |
| spellingShingle | Tri Widyawati Nor Adlin Yusoff Idris Bello Mohd Zaini Asmawi Mariam Ahmad Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model Molecules antihyperglycemic Indonesian bay leaves <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.) diabetes squalene |
| title | Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model |
| title_full | Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model |
| title_short | Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compound of <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.)’s Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model |
| title_sort | bioactivity guided fractionation and identification of antidiabetic compound of i syzygium polyanthum i wight s leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model |
| topic | antihyperglycemic Indonesian bay leaves <i>Syzygium polyanthum</i> (Wight.) diabetes squalene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6814 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT triwidyawati bioactivityguidedfractionationandidentificationofantidiabeticcompoundofisyzygiumpolyanthumiwightsleafextractinstreptozotocininduceddiabeticratmodel AT noradlinyusoff bioactivityguidedfractionationandidentificationofantidiabeticcompoundofisyzygiumpolyanthumiwightsleafextractinstreptozotocininduceddiabeticratmodel AT idrisbello bioactivityguidedfractionationandidentificationofantidiabeticcompoundofisyzygiumpolyanthumiwightsleafextractinstreptozotocininduceddiabeticratmodel AT mohdzainiasmawi bioactivityguidedfractionationandidentificationofantidiabeticcompoundofisyzygiumpolyanthumiwightsleafextractinstreptozotocininduceddiabeticratmodel AT mariamahmad bioactivityguidedfractionationandidentificationofantidiabeticcompoundofisyzygiumpolyanthumiwightsleafextractinstreptozotocininduceddiabeticratmodel |