How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics
As endothelial cells form the barrier between blood flow and surrounding tissue, many of their functions depend on mechanical integrity, in particular that of the plasma membrane. As component and organizer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol is a regulator of cellular mechanical properties. Disrupt...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2012.00426/full |
| _version_ | 1819021187866427392 |
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| author | Zhongkui eHong Marius Catalin Staiculescu Paul eHampel Irena eLevitan Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs |
| author_facet | Zhongkui eHong Marius Catalin Staiculescu Paul eHampel Irena eLevitan Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs |
| author_sort | Zhongkui eHong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As endothelial cells form the barrier between blood flow and surrounding tissue, many of their functions depend on mechanical integrity, in particular that of the plasma membrane. As component and organizer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol is a regulator of cellular mechanical properties. Disruption of cholesterol balance leads to impairment of endothelial functions and eventually to disease. The mechanical properties of the membrane are strongly affected by the cytoskeleton. As Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key mediator between the membrane and cytoskeleton, it also affects cellular biomechanical properties. Typically, PIP2 is concentrated in cholesterol-rich microdomains, such as caveolae and lipid rafts, which are particularly abundant in the endothelial plasma membrane. We investigated the connection between cholesterol and PIP2 by extracting membrane tethers from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) at different cholesterol levels and PIP2 conditions. We provide strong evidence that in endothelial cells the localization and metabolism of PIP2 is controlled by cholesterol. Our results suggest that in BAEC the role of PIP2, as a mediator of membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion, is regulated by cholesterol. Our findings confirm the specific role of cholesterol in endothelial cells and may have implications for cholesterol-dependent vascular pathologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc0a1b100dc2425f82b6d0dc1732281e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T04:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc0a1b100dc2425f82b6d0dc1732281e2022-12-21T19:16:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2012-11-01310.3389/fphys.2012.0042629794How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanicsZhongkui eHong0Marius Catalin Staiculescu1Paul eHampel2Irena eLevitan3Gabor eForgacs4Gabor eForgacs5Gabor eForgacs6University of MissouriUniversity of MissouriUniversity of MissouriUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of MissouriUniversity of MissouriClarkson UniversityAs endothelial cells form the barrier between blood flow and surrounding tissue, many of their functions depend on mechanical integrity, in particular that of the plasma membrane. As component and organizer of the plasma membrane, cholesterol is a regulator of cellular mechanical properties. Disruption of cholesterol balance leads to impairment of endothelial functions and eventually to disease. The mechanical properties of the membrane are strongly affected by the cytoskeleton. As Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a key mediator between the membrane and cytoskeleton, it also affects cellular biomechanical properties. Typically, PIP2 is concentrated in cholesterol-rich microdomains, such as caveolae and lipid rafts, which are particularly abundant in the endothelial plasma membrane. We investigated the connection between cholesterol and PIP2 by extracting membrane tethers from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) at different cholesterol levels and PIP2 conditions. We provide strong evidence that in endothelial cells the localization and metabolism of PIP2 is controlled by cholesterol. Our results suggest that in BAEC the role of PIP2, as a mediator of membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion, is regulated by cholesterol. Our findings confirm the specific role of cholesterol in endothelial cells and may have implications for cholesterol-dependent vascular pathologies.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2012.00426/fullCholesterolAtomic Force Microscopy5-bisphosphateMembrane-cytoskeleton adhesionPhosphatidylinositol-4Tether force |
| spellingShingle | Zhongkui eHong Marius Catalin Staiculescu Paul eHampel Irena eLevitan Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs Gabor eForgacs How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics Frontiers in Physiology Cholesterol Atomic Force Microscopy 5-bisphosphate Membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion Phosphatidylinositol-4 Tether force |
| title | How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| title_full | How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| title_fullStr | How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| title_full_unstemmed | How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| title_short | How cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| title_sort | how cholesterol regulates endothelial biomechanics |
| topic | Cholesterol Atomic Force Microscopy 5-bisphosphate Membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion Phosphatidylinositol-4 Tether force |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphys.2012.00426/full |
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