Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans
The aim of the following review is to shed light on the putative role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various <i>human</i> diseases and highlight their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance in humans. Regulatory B cells are a heterogeneous group of B lymphocytes capable of supp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/4/357 |
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| author | Johanna Veh Carolin Ludwig Hubert Schrezenmeier Bernd Jahrsdörfer |
| author_facet | Johanna Veh Carolin Ludwig Hubert Schrezenmeier Bernd Jahrsdörfer |
| author_sort | Johanna Veh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the following review is to shed light on the putative role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various <i>human</i> diseases and highlight their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance in humans. Regulatory B cells are a heterogeneous group of B lymphocytes capable of suppressing inflammatory immune reactions. In this way, Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance and immune homeostasis by limiting ongoing immune reactions temporally and spatially. Bregs play an important role in attenuating pathological inflammatory reactions that can be associated with transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases and allergies but also with infectious, neoplastic and metabolic diseases. Early studies of Bregs identified IL-10 as an important functional molecule, so the IL-10-secreting murine B10 cell is still considered a prototype Breg, and IL-10 has long been central to the search for human Breg equivalents. However, over the past two decades, other molecules that may contribute to the immunosuppressive function of Bregs have been discovered, some of which are only present in human Bregs. This expanded arsenal includes several anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35 and TGF-β, but also enzymes such as CD39/CD73, granzyme B and IDO as well as cell surface proteins including PD-L1, CD1d and CD25. In summary, the present review illustrates in a concise and comprehensive manner that although human Bregs share common functional immunosuppressive features leading to a prominent role in various human immunpathologies, they are composed of a pool of different B cell types with rather heterogeneous phenotypic and transcriptional properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:37:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc0aecc39a6e4c9eb6df898d7f755df0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:37:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc0aecc39a6e4c9eb6df898d7f755df02024-02-23T15:11:59ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-02-0113435710.3390/cells13040357Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in HumansJohanna Veh0Carolin Ludwig1Hubert Schrezenmeier2Bernd Jahrsdörfer3Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Hospitals and Clinics, 89081 Ulm, GermanyThe aim of the following review is to shed light on the putative role of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various <i>human</i> diseases and highlight their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance in humans. Regulatory B cells are a heterogeneous group of B lymphocytes capable of suppressing inflammatory immune reactions. In this way, Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance and immune homeostasis by limiting ongoing immune reactions temporally and spatially. Bregs play an important role in attenuating pathological inflammatory reactions that can be associated with transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune diseases and allergies but also with infectious, neoplastic and metabolic diseases. Early studies of Bregs identified IL-10 as an important functional molecule, so the IL-10-secreting murine B10 cell is still considered a prototype Breg, and IL-10 has long been central to the search for human Breg equivalents. However, over the past two decades, other molecules that may contribute to the immunosuppressive function of Bregs have been discovered, some of which are only present in human Bregs. This expanded arsenal includes several anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35 and TGF-β, but also enzymes such as CD39/CD73, granzyme B and IDO as well as cell surface proteins including PD-L1, CD1d and CD25. In summary, the present review illustrates in a concise and comprehensive manner that although human Bregs share common functional immunosuppressive features leading to a prominent role in various human immunpathologies, they are composed of a pool of different B cell types with rather heterogeneous phenotypic and transcriptional properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/4/357regulatory B cellInterleukin 10GraB cellgranzyme Bimmunosuppression |
| spellingShingle | Johanna Veh Carolin Ludwig Hubert Schrezenmeier Bernd Jahrsdörfer Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans Cells regulatory B cell Interleukin 10 GraB cell granzyme B immunosuppression |
| title | Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans |
| title_full | Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans |
| title_fullStr | Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans |
| title_short | Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans |
| title_sort | regulatory b cells immunopathological and prognostic potential in humans |
| topic | regulatory B cell Interleukin 10 GraB cell granzyme B immunosuppression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/4/357 |
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