Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae
(1) Objective: To explore the neurobiological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on zebrafish larvae using calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) imaging technology. (2) Methods: Zebrafish larvae at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to THz radiation for 10 or 20 min; the frequency was 2....
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7689 |
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| author | Xin Song Haibin Li Xiuyun Liu Meijun Pang Yuye Wang |
| author_facet | Xin Song Haibin Li Xiuyun Liu Meijun Pang Yuye Wang |
| author_sort | Xin Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Objective: To explore the neurobiological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on zebrafish larvae using calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) imaging technology. (2) Methods: Zebrafish larvae at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to THz radiation for 10 or 20 min; the frequency was 2.52 THz and the amplitude 50 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The behavioral experiments, neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the dopamine-related genes were conducted following the irradiation. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the behavioral experiments demonstrated that THz radiation significantly increased the distance travelled and speed of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the maximum acceleration and motion frequency were elevated in the 20 min radiation group. The neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging results indicated a substantial increase in zebrafish neuronal activity. qPCR experiments revealed a significant upregulation of dopamine-related genes, such as <i>drd2b</i>, <i>drd4a</i>, <i>slc6a3</i> and <i>th</i>. (4) Conclusion: THz radiation (2.52 THz, 50 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, 20 min) upregulated dopamine-related genes and significantly enhanced neuronal excitability, and the neurobiological effect of THz radiation can be visualized using neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:03:39Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:03:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-bc140c6d61f54ac38c61a379e4d3c3992023-11-19T12:52:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012318768910.3390/s23187689Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish LarvaeXin Song0Haibin Li1Xiuyun Liu2Meijun Pang3Yuye Wang4Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China(1) Objective: To explore the neurobiological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on zebrafish larvae using calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) imaging technology. (2) Methods: Zebrafish larvae at 7 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to THz radiation for 10 or 20 min; the frequency was 2.52 THz and the amplitude 50 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The behavioral experiments, neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the dopamine-related genes were conducted following the irradiation. (3) Results: Compared with the control group, the behavioral experiments demonstrated that THz radiation significantly increased the distance travelled and speed of zebrafish larvae. In addition, the maximum acceleration and motion frequency were elevated in the 20 min radiation group. The neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging results indicated a substantial increase in zebrafish neuronal activity. qPCR experiments revealed a significant upregulation of dopamine-related genes, such as <i>drd2b</i>, <i>drd4a</i>, <i>slc6a3</i> and <i>th</i>. (4) Conclusion: THz radiation (2.52 THz, 50 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>, 20 min) upregulated dopamine-related genes and significantly enhanced neuronal excitability, and the neurobiological effect of THz radiation can be visualized using neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7689terahertz radiationzebrafishneural calcium imagingneurobiological effect |
| spellingShingle | Xin Song Haibin Li Xiuyun Liu Meijun Pang Yuye Wang Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae Sensors terahertz radiation zebrafish neural calcium imaging neurobiological effect |
| title | Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_full | Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_fullStr | Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_short | Calcium Imaging Characterize the Neurobiological Effect of Terahertz Radiation in Zebrafish Larvae |
| title_sort | calcium imaging characterize the neurobiological effect of terahertz radiation in zebrafish larvae |
| topic | terahertz radiation zebrafish neural calcium imaging neurobiological effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7689 |
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