Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries
Background Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of global childhood deaths, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) products and widespread evidence of their safety and efficacy. Objective To map the landscape of countries that are yet to fully include PCV in their...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Global Health Action |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2281065 |
| _version_ | 1797351915721326592 |
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| author | Preetika Banerjee Jasmine Huber Veronica Denti Molly Sauer Rose Weeks Baldeep K. Dhaliwal Anita Shet |
| author_facet | Preetika Banerjee Jasmine Huber Veronica Denti Molly Sauer Rose Weeks Baldeep K. Dhaliwal Anita Shet |
| author_sort | Preetika Banerjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of global childhood deaths, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) products and widespread evidence of their safety and efficacy. Objective To map the landscape of countries that are yet to fully include PCV in their National Immunization Programs, we conducted an archetype analysis of country indicators related to barriers and facilitators for PCV decision-making. Methods We created a country matrix focused on three key domains – health characteristics, immunisation factors, and policy framework, and identified ten related indicators. We scored countries based on indicator performance and subsequently ranked and grouped them into three archetypes of low-, moderate-, and high-barrier countries with regard to PCV introduction. Results Our results indicated 39 countries (33 low- and middle-income countries [LMICs] and 6 high-income countries) that are yet to introduce PCV. Among LMICs, 15 countries were classified as ‘low-barrier,’ indicating factors favourable for PCV introduction such as high immunisation coverage of common childhood vaccines, supportive governments, and substantial disease burden and eligibility for Gavi support. Countries classified in the ‘moderate-barrier’ (12) and ‘high-barrier’ (6) archetypes demonstrated adequate capacity in immunisation systems but had competing national priorities and cost barriers that impeded policy decision-making on PCV introduction. Conclusions The current health and policy indicator-based categorisation provides an actionable framework to design tailored PCV advocacy within these last-mile countries. Policy approaches emerging from this framework can lead to strengthened decision-making on vaccine introduction and sustained vaccine access that can enhance child survival worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:07:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc1d498bf0d34688a25b1c1af06f8a6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1654-9880 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:07:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Health Action |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc1d498bf0d34688a25b1c1af06f8a6b2024-01-18T15:58:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Health Action1654-98802023-12-0116110.1080/16549716.2023.22810652281065Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countriesPreetika Banerjee0Jasmine Huber1Veronica Denti2Molly Sauer3Rose Weeks4Baldeep K. Dhaliwal5Anita Shet6Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthGavi, the Vaccine AllianceJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBackground Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of global childhood deaths, despite the availability of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) products and widespread evidence of their safety and efficacy. Objective To map the landscape of countries that are yet to fully include PCV in their National Immunization Programs, we conducted an archetype analysis of country indicators related to barriers and facilitators for PCV decision-making. Methods We created a country matrix focused on three key domains – health characteristics, immunisation factors, and policy framework, and identified ten related indicators. We scored countries based on indicator performance and subsequently ranked and grouped them into three archetypes of low-, moderate-, and high-barrier countries with regard to PCV introduction. Results Our results indicated 39 countries (33 low- and middle-income countries [LMICs] and 6 high-income countries) that are yet to introduce PCV. Among LMICs, 15 countries were classified as ‘low-barrier,’ indicating factors favourable for PCV introduction such as high immunisation coverage of common childhood vaccines, supportive governments, and substantial disease burden and eligibility for Gavi support. Countries classified in the ‘moderate-barrier’ (12) and ‘high-barrier’ (6) archetypes demonstrated adequate capacity in immunisation systems but had competing national priorities and cost barriers that impeded policy decision-making on PCV introduction. Conclusions The current health and policy indicator-based categorisation provides an actionable framework to design tailored PCV advocacy within these last-mile countries. Policy approaches emerging from this framework can lead to strengthened decision-making on vaccine introduction and sustained vaccine access that can enhance child survival worldwide.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2281065pneumococcal conjugate vaccinechild mortalitychild healthimmunizationvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Preetika Banerjee Jasmine Huber Veronica Denti Molly Sauer Rose Weeks Baldeep K. Dhaliwal Anita Shet Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries Global Health Action pneumococcal conjugate vaccine child mortality child health immunization vaccines |
| title | Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries |
| title_full | Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries |
| title_fullStr | Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries |
| title_short | Closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction gap: an archetype analysis of last-mile countries |
| title_sort | closing the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine pcv introduction gap an archetype analysis of last mile countries |
| topic | pneumococcal conjugate vaccine child mortality child health immunization vaccines |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2281065 |
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