Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection
Objectives: Three decades after HIV recognition and its association with AIDS development, many advances have emerged – especially related to prevention and treatment. Undoubtedly, the development of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) dramatically changed the future of the syndrome that we...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867016305499 |
| _version_ | 1818821192163786752 |
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| author | Leonardo J. Galvão-Lima Milena S. Espíndola Luana S. Soares Fabiana A. Zambuzi Maira Cacemiro Caroline Fontanari Valdes R. Bollela Fabiani G. Frantz |
| author_facet | Leonardo J. Galvão-Lima Milena S. Espíndola Luana S. Soares Fabiana A. Zambuzi Maira Cacemiro Caroline Fontanari Valdes R. Bollela Fabiani G. Frantz |
| author_sort | Leonardo J. Galvão-Lima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Three decades after HIV recognition and its association with AIDS development, many advances have emerged – especially related to prevention and treatment. Undoubtedly, the development of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) dramatically changed the future of the syndrome that we know today. In the present study, we evaluate the impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on macrophage function and its relevance to HIV pathogenesis. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from blood samples and monocytes (CD14+ cells) were purified. Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDMs) were activated on classical (MGM-CSF+IFN-γ) or alternative (MIL-4+IL13) patterns using human recombinant cytokines for six days. After this period, Monocyte-Derived Macrophages were stimulated with TLR2/Dectin-1 or TLR4 agonists and we evaluated the influence of HIV-1 infection and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the release of cytokines/chemokines by macrophages. Results: The data were obtained using Monocyte-Derived Macrophages derived from HIV naïve or from patients on regular Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Classically Monocyte-Derived Macrophages obtained from HIV-1 infected patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy released higher levels of IL-6 and IL-12 even without PAMPs stimuli when compared to control group. On the other hand, alternative Monocyte-Derived Macrophages derived from HIV-1 infected patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy released lower levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IP-10 and RANTES after LPS stimuli when compared to control group. Furthermore, healthy individuals have a complex network of cytokines/chemokines released by Monocyte-Derived Macrophages after PAMP stimuli, which was deeply affected in MDMs obtained from naïve HIV-1 infected patients and only partially restored in MDMs derived from HIV-1 infected patients even on regular Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Conclusion: Our therapy protocols were not effective in restoring the functional alterations induced by HIV, especially those found on macrophages. These findings indicate that we still need to develop new approaches and improve the current therapy protocols, focusing on the reestablishment of cellular functions and prevention/treatment of opportunistic infections. Keywords: HIV-1, Innate immune response, HAART, Macrophages |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:04:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc26cb7f3dc24f9cad9ac0fff5b40574 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1413-8670 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T23:04:17Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc26cb7f3dc24f9cad9ac0fff5b405742022-12-21T20:48:29ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases1413-86702017-01-012114250S1413-86702017000100042Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infectionLeonardo J. Galvão-Lima0Milena S. Espíndola1Luana S. Soares2Fabiana A. Zambuzi3Maira Cacemiro4Caroline Fontanari5Valdes R. Bollela6Fabiani G. Frantz7Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto, Divisão de Doenças Infecciosas, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Imunologia e Epigenética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Corresponding author.Objectives: Three decades after HIV recognition and its association with AIDS development, many advances have emerged – especially related to prevention and treatment. Undoubtedly, the development of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) dramatically changed the future of the syndrome that we know today. In the present study, we evaluate the impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on macrophage function and its relevance to HIV pathogenesis. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from blood samples and monocytes (CD14+ cells) were purified. Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (MDMs) were activated on classical (MGM-CSF+IFN-γ) or alternative (MIL-4+IL13) patterns using human recombinant cytokines for six days. After this period, Monocyte-Derived Macrophages were stimulated with TLR2/Dectin-1 or TLR4 agonists and we evaluated the influence of HIV-1 infection and Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the release of cytokines/chemokines by macrophages. Results: The data were obtained using Monocyte-Derived Macrophages derived from HIV naïve or from patients on regular Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Classically Monocyte-Derived Macrophages obtained from HIV-1 infected patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy released higher levels of IL-6 and IL-12 even without PAMPs stimuli when compared to control group. On the other hand, alternative Monocyte-Derived Macrophages derived from HIV-1 infected patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy released lower levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IP-10 and RANTES after LPS stimuli when compared to control group. Furthermore, healthy individuals have a complex network of cytokines/chemokines released by Monocyte-Derived Macrophages after PAMP stimuli, which was deeply affected in MDMs obtained from naïve HIV-1 infected patients and only partially restored in MDMs derived from HIV-1 infected patients even on regular Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Conclusion: Our therapy protocols were not effective in restoring the functional alterations induced by HIV, especially those found on macrophages. These findings indicate that we still need to develop new approaches and improve the current therapy protocols, focusing on the reestablishment of cellular functions and prevention/treatment of opportunistic infections. Keywords: HIV-1, Innate immune response, HAART, Macrophageshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867016305499 |
| spellingShingle | Leonardo J. Galvão-Lima Milena S. Espíndola Luana S. Soares Fabiana A. Zambuzi Maira Cacemiro Caroline Fontanari Valdes R. Bollela Fabiani G. Frantz Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| title | Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection |
| title_full | Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection |
| title_fullStr | Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection |
| title_short | Classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection |
| title_sort | classical and alternative macrophages have impaired function during acute and chronic hiv 1 infection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867016305499 |
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