Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics
In practice, cows are fed by pen, but a diet is formulated to the nutrient requirements of a single cow. If the DM intake (DMI) of a pen were equal for all cows, this approach would have no error, but cows are grouped into pens on pregnancy and other management factors creating a distribution of DMI...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Animal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123001854 |
| _version_ | 1827370480131112960 |
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| author | P.M. Lucey H.A. Rossow |
| author_facet | P.M. Lucey H.A. Rossow |
| author_sort | P.M. Lucey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In practice, cows are fed by pen, but a diet is formulated to the nutrient requirements of a single cow. If the DM intake (DMI) of a pen were equal for all cows, this approach would have no error, but cows are grouped into pens on pregnancy and other management factors creating a distribution of DMI. The goal of precision feeding is to meet the requirements of individual animals to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact but is not achieved when a group is fed as if the individuals have uniform requirements and the DMI distribution is not normal. The hypothesis of this work is that the DMI of cow pens are not normally distributed and the total DMI from the best-fit distribution shape for a cow pen will have lower percentage error to the observed DMI than a prediction of a single DMI that is fed at a uniform level and assumes a normal distribution. Our objective was to describe the distribution shape of DMI by week of lactation, and for different pen types. Pens were generated by randomly assorting cows by the week of lactation from a database into different categories of pen for size and lactation period. These pens were fitted to the best distribution type, and its parameters were used to randomly generate distribution plots that predict the total DMI for each pen. A second predictive model estimated the DMI of each pen using an empirical equation of DMI that was multiplied by the number of cows in the pen to represent feeding of a uniform DMI quantity. The percentage error for the distribution shape model was significantly lower than the empirical model with pen errors being less than 1%. The beta distribution type was the most common distribution to best represent the data of pen DMI. Describing the distribution and using it to predict a total pen DMI provides accurate estimates of feed quantity for a group. Reducing error by using the distribution of DMI for feed formulation, instead of the nutrient requirements of an individual animal can provide a precision nutrition approach to group feeding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:16:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc553b5842c24d8ca25733438bb1c921 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:16:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc553b5842c24d8ca25733438bb1c9212024-01-29T04:14:42ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112022-09-0117100888Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristicsP.M. Lucey0H.A. Rossow1Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare 93274, USACorresponding author.; Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare 93274, USAIn practice, cows are fed by pen, but a diet is formulated to the nutrient requirements of a single cow. If the DM intake (DMI) of a pen were equal for all cows, this approach would have no error, but cows are grouped into pens on pregnancy and other management factors creating a distribution of DMI. The goal of precision feeding is to meet the requirements of individual animals to increase efficiency and reduce environmental impact but is not achieved when a group is fed as if the individuals have uniform requirements and the DMI distribution is not normal. The hypothesis of this work is that the DMI of cow pens are not normally distributed and the total DMI from the best-fit distribution shape for a cow pen will have lower percentage error to the observed DMI than a prediction of a single DMI that is fed at a uniform level and assumes a normal distribution. Our objective was to describe the distribution shape of DMI by week of lactation, and for different pen types. Pens were generated by randomly assorting cows by the week of lactation from a database into different categories of pen for size and lactation period. These pens were fitted to the best distribution type, and its parameters were used to randomly generate distribution plots that predict the total DMI for each pen. A second predictive model estimated the DMI of each pen using an empirical equation of DMI that was multiplied by the number of cows in the pen to represent feeding of a uniform DMI quantity. The percentage error for the distribution shape model was significantly lower than the empirical model with pen errors being less than 1%. The beta distribution type was the most common distribution to best represent the data of pen DMI. Describing the distribution and using it to predict a total pen DMI provides accurate estimates of feed quantity for a group. Reducing error by using the distribution of DMI for feed formulation, instead of the nutrient requirements of an individual animal can provide a precision nutrition approach to group feeding.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123001854Dairy productionDiet formulationMathematical modelingPrecision feeding |
| spellingShingle | P.M. Lucey H.A. Rossow Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics Animal Dairy production Diet formulation Mathematical modeling Precision feeding |
| title | Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| title_full | Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| title_short | Describing the distribution type of DM intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| title_sort | describing the distribution type of dm intake for dairy cow pens based on pen characteristics |
| topic | Dairy production Diet formulation Mathematical modeling Precision feeding |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731123001854 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pmlucey describingthedistributiontypeofdmintakefordairycowpensbasedonpencharacteristics AT harossow describingthedistributiontypeofdmintakefordairycowpensbasedonpencharacteristics |