Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays
In preparation for lunar and Mars missions it is essential to consider the challenges to human health that are posed by long-duration deep space habitation via multiple stressors, including ionizing radiation, gravitational changes during flight and in orbit, other aspects of the space environment s...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3669 |
| _version_ | 1811326665036398592 |
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| author | Egle Cekanaviciute Susanna Rosi Sylvain V. Costes |
| author_facet | Egle Cekanaviciute Susanna Rosi Sylvain V. Costes |
| author_sort | Egle Cekanaviciute |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In preparation for lunar and Mars missions it is essential to consider the challenges to human health that are posed by long-duration deep space habitation via multiple stressors, including ionizing radiation, gravitational changes during flight and in orbit, other aspects of the space environment such as high level of carbon dioxide, and psychological stress from confined environment and social isolation. It remains unclear how these stressors individually or in combination impact the central nervous system (CNS), presenting potential obstacles for astronauts engaged in deep space travel. Although human spaceflight research only within the last decade has started to include the effects of radiation transmitted by galactic cosmic rays to the CNS, radiation is currently considered to be one of the main stressors for prolonged spaceflight and deep space exploration. Here we will review the current knowledge of CNS damage caused by simulated space radiation with an emphasis on neuronal and glial responses along with cognitive functions. Furthermore, we will present novel experimental approaches to integrate the knowledge into more comprehensive studies, including multiple stressors at once and potential translation to human functions. Finally, we will discuss the need for developing biomarkers as predictors for cognitive decline and therapeutic countermeasures to prevent CNS damage and the loss of cognitive abilities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:53:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc57ca4d11ac452f9e9961e4508c8d61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:53:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc57ca4d11ac452f9e9961e4508c8d612022-12-22T02:42:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-11-011911366910.3390/ijms19113669ijms19113669Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic RaysEgle Cekanaviciute0Susanna Rosi1Sylvain V. Costes2Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USASpace Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USAIn preparation for lunar and Mars missions it is essential to consider the challenges to human health that are posed by long-duration deep space habitation via multiple stressors, including ionizing radiation, gravitational changes during flight and in orbit, other aspects of the space environment such as high level of carbon dioxide, and psychological stress from confined environment and social isolation. It remains unclear how these stressors individually or in combination impact the central nervous system (CNS), presenting potential obstacles for astronauts engaged in deep space travel. Although human spaceflight research only within the last decade has started to include the effects of radiation transmitted by galactic cosmic rays to the CNS, radiation is currently considered to be one of the main stressors for prolonged spaceflight and deep space exploration. Here we will review the current knowledge of CNS damage caused by simulated space radiation with an emphasis on neuronal and glial responses along with cognitive functions. Furthermore, we will present novel experimental approaches to integrate the knowledge into more comprehensive studies, including multiple stressors at once and potential translation to human functions. Finally, we will discuss the need for developing biomarkers as predictors for cognitive decline and therapeutic countermeasures to prevent CNS damage and the loss of cognitive abilities.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3669central nervous systemradiationspaceflight |
| spellingShingle | Egle Cekanaviciute Susanna Rosi Sylvain V. Costes Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays International Journal of Molecular Sciences central nervous system radiation spaceflight |
| title | Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays |
| title_full | Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays |
| title_fullStr | Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays |
| title_short | Central Nervous System Responses to Simulated Galactic Cosmic Rays |
| title_sort | central nervous system responses to simulated galactic cosmic rays |
| topic | central nervous system radiation spaceflight |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3669 |
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