Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines
Cacao is a promising high-value crop in the Philippines and is considered one of the key players globally in providing the raw materials for chocolate making. However, before the Philippines can take this market opportunity, production constraints from various pests should be addressed. The cacao po...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2023.1165299/full |
| _version_ | 1827944128327974912 |
|---|---|
| author | Divina M. Amalin Divina M. Amalin Mercedes Arcelo Billy Joel M. Almarinez Billy Joel M. Almarinez Rhodina C. Castillo Jesusa C. Legaspi Kris Lord T. Santos Kris Lord T. Santos Mary Angelique A. Tavera Mary Angelique A. Tavera Jose Isagani B. Janairo Jose Isagani B. Janairo Aijun Zhang |
| author_facet | Divina M. Amalin Divina M. Amalin Mercedes Arcelo Billy Joel M. Almarinez Billy Joel M. Almarinez Rhodina C. Castillo Jesusa C. Legaspi Kris Lord T. Santos Kris Lord T. Santos Mary Angelique A. Tavera Mary Angelique A. Tavera Jose Isagani B. Janairo Jose Isagani B. Janairo Aijun Zhang |
| author_sort | Divina M. Amalin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cacao is a promising high-value crop in the Philippines and is considered one of the key players globally in providing the raw materials for chocolate making. However, before the Philippines can take this market opportunity, production constraints from various pests should be addressed. The cacao pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella, is one of the major insect pests of cacao in the Philippines, which can cause up to 50% annual loss or even higher if proper management is not employed. Management of CPB heavily relies on chemical control but is becoming unpopular because of its high cost and health risk to people and the environment. A number of efforts have been made to develop sex pheromones to monitor and control CPB. A field bioassay of the new blend of CPB sex pheromones was conducted in southern Philippines to determine its efficiency and identify the appropriate trap height placement in a cacao field, which is important in maximizing the efficiency of the sex pheromone traps for inclusion in the integrated pest management (IPM) program of CPB. Pheromone lures at four different trap heights (1.0 m, 0.5 m above the canopy, 0.0 m or along the canopy, and 0.5 m below the canopy) and a blank lure (control) placed 1.0 m above the canopy were evaluated in terms of male CPB trap catches. Results showed significantly higher male CPB trap catches when installed at least 0.5 m above the canopy while minimal to zero male CPB catches were obtained from the control traps with blank lures, confirming the attractiveness of the new blend of the CPB sex pheromone in the field. This suggests the reliability of the pheromone-based method to monitor and control CPB and as a major component of the IPM program. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:26:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc5b4cee43ca438fae08151c12abd619 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3218 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:26:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc5b4cee43ca438fae08151c12abd6192023-05-19T09:04:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182023-05-01510.3389/fagro.2023.11652991165299Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the PhilippinesDivina M. Amalin0Divina M. Amalin1Mercedes Arcelo2Billy Joel M. Almarinez3Billy Joel M. Almarinez4Rhodina C. Castillo5Jesusa C. Legaspi6Kris Lord T. Santos7Kris Lord T. Santos8Mary Angelique A. Tavera9Mary Angelique A. Tavera10Jose Isagani B. Janairo11Jose Isagani B. Janairo12Aijun Zhang13Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesBureau of Plant Industry - Davao, Davao City, PhilippinesBiological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesCollege of Agriculture, Sultan Kudarat State University, Sultan Kudarat, PhilippinesCenter for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tallahassee, FL, United StatesBiological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesBiological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesBiological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental Research, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila, PhilippinesInvasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, United StatesCacao is a promising high-value crop in the Philippines and is considered one of the key players globally in providing the raw materials for chocolate making. However, before the Philippines can take this market opportunity, production constraints from various pests should be addressed. The cacao pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella, is one of the major insect pests of cacao in the Philippines, which can cause up to 50% annual loss or even higher if proper management is not employed. Management of CPB heavily relies on chemical control but is becoming unpopular because of its high cost and health risk to people and the environment. A number of efforts have been made to develop sex pheromones to monitor and control CPB. A field bioassay of the new blend of CPB sex pheromones was conducted in southern Philippines to determine its efficiency and identify the appropriate trap height placement in a cacao field, which is important in maximizing the efficiency of the sex pheromone traps for inclusion in the integrated pest management (IPM) program of CPB. Pheromone lures at four different trap heights (1.0 m, 0.5 m above the canopy, 0.0 m or along the canopy, and 0.5 m below the canopy) and a blank lure (control) placed 1.0 m above the canopy were evaluated in terms of male CPB trap catches. Results showed significantly higher male CPB trap catches when installed at least 0.5 m above the canopy while minimal to zero male CPB catches were obtained from the control traps with blank lures, confirming the attractiveness of the new blend of the CPB sex pheromone in the field. This suggests the reliability of the pheromone-based method to monitor and control CPB and as a major component of the IPM program.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2023.1165299/fullcacao pod borersex pheromoneintegrated pest managementfield evaluationPhilippines |
| spellingShingle | Divina M. Amalin Divina M. Amalin Mercedes Arcelo Billy Joel M. Almarinez Billy Joel M. Almarinez Rhodina C. Castillo Jesusa C. Legaspi Kris Lord T. Santos Kris Lord T. Santos Mary Angelique A. Tavera Mary Angelique A. Tavera Jose Isagani B. Janairo Jose Isagani B. Janairo Aijun Zhang Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines Frontiers in Agronomy cacao pod borer sex pheromone integrated pest management field evaluation Philippines |
| title | Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines |
| title_full | Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines |
| title_fullStr | Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines |
| title_short | Field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in the Philippines |
| title_sort | field evaluation of the sex pheromone of the cacao pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in the philippines |
| topic | cacao pod borer sex pheromone integrated pest management field evaluation Philippines |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2023.1165299/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT divinamamalin fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT divinamamalin fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT mercedesarcelo fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT billyjoelmalmarinez fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT billyjoelmalmarinez fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT rhodinaccastillo fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT jesusaclegaspi fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT krislordtsantos fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT krislordtsantos fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT maryangeliqueatavera fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT maryangeliqueatavera fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT joseisaganibjanairo fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT joseisaganibjanairo fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines AT aijunzhang fieldevaluationofthesexpheromoneofthecacaopodborerconopomorphacramerellasnelleninthephilippines |