A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response
Nanoscale tungsten bronze can convert near-infrared light into thermal energy. For a chemical synthesis, intermediate products and processes are potentially positive or negative to an end product. In this study, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was added...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8542 |
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| author | Yue Zhang Ruixing Li |
| author_facet | Yue Zhang Ruixing Li |
| author_sort | Yue Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanoscale tungsten bronze can convert near-infrared light into thermal energy. For a chemical synthesis, intermediate products and processes are potentially positive or negative to an end product. In this study, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was added into the hydrothermal system of WO<sub>3</sub>, CsCl, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO, and NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O to increase the Cs/W ratio in solution. An intermediate, Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>, was isolated. Subsequently, it was confirmed via a kinetics experiment conducted for different times. The results of the NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>4</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub> system indicate there are two influence factors that influence the formation of Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>: the leaching out of W and imine reactions. A low leaching out rate induces a high Cs/W ratio and low-concentration W in solution, leading to the formation of Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>. The imine reaction decreasing CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO restrains the reduction in Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>. The increase in CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COO<sup>−</sup> with the reduction reaction results in both the micron-size sticks and nano-size equiaxial particles in powder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc7735569f4f4d4ba4030805d7263c9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc7735569f4f4d4ba4030805d7263c9f2023-11-24T08:14:40ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-11-011522854210.3390/en15228542A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal ResponseYue Zhang0Ruixing Li1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaNanoscale tungsten bronze can convert near-infrared light into thermal energy. For a chemical synthesis, intermediate products and processes are potentially positive or negative to an end product. In this study, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was added into the hydrothermal system of WO<sub>3</sub>, CsCl, CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO, and NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O to increase the Cs/W ratio in solution. An intermediate, Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>, was isolated. Subsequently, it was confirmed via a kinetics experiment conducted for different times. The results of the NH<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O and NH<sub>4</sub>COOCH<sub>3</sub> system indicate there are two influence factors that influence the formation of Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>: the leaching out of W and imine reactions. A low leaching out rate induces a high Cs/W ratio and low-concentration W in solution, leading to the formation of Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>. The imine reaction decreasing CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO restrains the reduction in Cs<sub>1.1</sub>W<sub>1.65</sub>O<sub>5.5</sub>. The increase in CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COO<sup>−</sup> with the reduction reaction results in both the micron-size sticks and nano-size equiaxial particles in powder.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8542cesium tungsten bronzeintermediatehydrothermalsynthesisnear-infrared response |
| spellingShingle | Yue Zhang Ruixing Li A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response Energies cesium tungsten bronze intermediate hydrothermal synthesis near-infrared response |
| title | A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response |
| title_full | A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response |
| title_fullStr | A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response |
| title_short | A Study of Intermediate for Synthesis of Cs<sub>0.3</sub>WO<sub>3</sub> with Near-Infrared Photothermal Response |
| title_sort | study of intermediate for synthesis of cs sub 0 3 sub wo sub 3 sub with near infrared photothermal response |
| topic | cesium tungsten bronze intermediate hydrothermal synthesis near-infrared response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8542 |
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