Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System
This study explores an eco-friendly method for recovering platinum group metals from a synthetic automotive three-way catalyst (TWC). Bioleaching of palladium (Pd) using the thiosulfate-copper-ammonia leaching processes, with biogenic thiosulfate sourced from a bioreactor used for biogas biodesulfur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8078 |
| _version_ | 1797379937361985536 |
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| author | Mariacristina Compagnone José Joaquín González-Cortés María Pilar Yeste Domingo Cantero Martín Ramírez |
| author_facet | Mariacristina Compagnone José Joaquín González-Cortés María Pilar Yeste Domingo Cantero Martín Ramírez |
| author_sort | Mariacristina Compagnone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores an eco-friendly method for recovering platinum group metals from a synthetic automotive three-way catalyst (TWC). Bioleaching of palladium (Pd) using the thiosulfate-copper-ammonia leaching processes, with biogenic thiosulfate sourced from a bioreactor used for biogas biodesulfurization, is proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Biogenic thiosulfate production was optimized in a gas-lift bioreactor by studying the pH (8–10) and operation modes (batch and continuous) under anoxic and microaerobic conditions for 35 d. The maximum concentration of 4.9 g S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> of biogenic thiosulfate was reached under optimal conditions (batch mode, pH = 10, and airflow rate 0.033 vvm). To optimize Pd bioleaching from a ground TWC, screening through a Plackett–Burman design determined that oxygen and temperature significantly affected the leaching yield negatively and positively, respectively. Based on these results, an optimization through an experimental design was performed, indicating the optimal conditions to be Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1.2 M, CuSO<sub>4</sub> 0.03 M, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1.5 M, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> 0.2 M, pH 8, and 60 °C. A remarkable 96.2 and 93.2% of the total Pd was successfully extracted from the solid at 5% pulp density using both commercially available and biogenic thiosulfate, highlighting the method’s versatility for Pd bioleaching from both thiosulfate sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc7abcaffc7a4faf8e6676934292fcb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc7abcaffc7a4faf8e6676934292fcb42023-12-22T14:27:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-12-012824807810.3390/molecules28248078Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia SystemMariacristina Compagnone0José Joaquín González-Cortés1María Pilar Yeste2Domingo Cantero3Martín Ramírez4Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, SpainThis study explores an eco-friendly method for recovering platinum group metals from a synthetic automotive three-way catalyst (TWC). Bioleaching of palladium (Pd) using the thiosulfate-copper-ammonia leaching processes, with biogenic thiosulfate sourced from a bioreactor used for biogas biodesulfurization, is proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Biogenic thiosulfate production was optimized in a gas-lift bioreactor by studying the pH (8–10) and operation modes (batch and continuous) under anoxic and microaerobic conditions for 35 d. The maximum concentration of 4.9 g S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> L<sup>−1</sup> of biogenic thiosulfate was reached under optimal conditions (batch mode, pH = 10, and airflow rate 0.033 vvm). To optimize Pd bioleaching from a ground TWC, screening through a Plackett–Burman design determined that oxygen and temperature significantly affected the leaching yield negatively and positively, respectively. Based on these results, an optimization through an experimental design was performed, indicating the optimal conditions to be Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1.2 M, CuSO<sub>4</sub> 0.03 M, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> 1.5 M, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> 0.2 M, pH 8, and 60 °C. A remarkable 96.2 and 93.2% of the total Pd was successfully extracted from the solid at 5% pulp density using both commercially available and biogenic thiosulfate, highlighting the method’s versatility for Pd bioleaching from both thiosulfate sources.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8078three-way catalystsplatinum group metalsgas-liftbiogas desulfurizationbioleaching |
| spellingShingle | Mariacristina Compagnone José Joaquín González-Cortés María Pilar Yeste Domingo Cantero Martín Ramírez Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System Molecules three-way catalysts platinum group metals gas-lift biogas desulfurization bioleaching |
| title | Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System |
| title_full | Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System |
| title_short | Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System |
| title_sort | sustainable recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive three way catalysts through a biogenic thiosulfate copper ammonia system |
| topic | three-way catalysts platinum group metals gas-lift biogas desulfurization bioleaching |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/24/8078 |
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