Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance
The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) of cereals is thought to substantially increase the high-temperature tolerance of its aphid vector, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, which may enhance its transmission efficiency. This is based on experiments with North American strains of BYDV and <i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/10 |
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| author | Evatt Chirgwin Qiong Yang Paul A. Umina Joshua A. Thia Alex Gill Wei Song Xinyue Gu Perran A. Ross Shu-Jun Wei Ary A. Hoffmann |
| author_facet | Evatt Chirgwin Qiong Yang Paul A. Umina Joshua A. Thia Alex Gill Wei Song Xinyue Gu Perran A. Ross Shu-Jun Wei Ary A. Hoffmann |
| author_sort | Evatt Chirgwin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) of cereals is thought to substantially increase the high-temperature tolerance of its aphid vector, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, which may enhance its transmission efficiency. This is based on experiments with North American strains of BYDV and <i>R. padi</i>. Here, we independently test these by measuring the temperature tolerance, via Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) and knockdown time, of Australian <i>R. padi</i> infected with a local BYDV isolate. We further consider the interaction between BYDV transmission, the primary endosymbiont of <i>R. padi</i> (<i>Buchnera aphidicola</i>), and a transinfected secondary endosymbiont (<i>Rickettsiella viridis)</i> which reduces the thermotolerance of other aphid species. We failed to find an increase in tolerance to high temperatures in BYDV-infected aphids or an impact of <i>Rickettsiella</i> on thermotolerance. However, BYDV interacted with <i>R. padi</i> endosymbionts in unexpected ways, suppressing the density of <i>Buchnera</i> and <i>Rickettsiella</i>. BYDV density was also fourfold higher in <i>Rickettsiella</i>-infected aphids. Our findings indicate that BYDV does not necessarily increase the temperature tolerance of the aphid transmission vector to increase its transmission potential, at least for the genotype combinations tested here. The interactions between BYDV and <i>Rickettsiella</i> suggest new ways in which aphid endosymbionts may influence how BYDV spreads, which needs further testing in a field context. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:51:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc8ec8c448df473da0e51c898034cabe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:51:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc8ec8c448df473da0e51c898034cabe2024-01-29T14:05:26ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-12-011211010.3390/microorganisms12010010Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its ThermotoleranceEvatt Chirgwin0Qiong Yang1Paul A. Umina2Joshua A. Thia3Alex Gill4Wei Song5Xinyue Gu6Perran A. Ross7Shu-Jun Wei8Ary A. Hoffmann9Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick, VIC 3056, AustraliaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaCesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick, VIC 3056, AustraliaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaInstitute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, ChinaPEARG Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 2052, AustraliaThe barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) of cereals is thought to substantially increase the high-temperature tolerance of its aphid vector, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, which may enhance its transmission efficiency. This is based on experiments with North American strains of BYDV and <i>R. padi</i>. Here, we independently test these by measuring the temperature tolerance, via Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax) and knockdown time, of Australian <i>R. padi</i> infected with a local BYDV isolate. We further consider the interaction between BYDV transmission, the primary endosymbiont of <i>R. padi</i> (<i>Buchnera aphidicola</i>), and a transinfected secondary endosymbiont (<i>Rickettsiella viridis)</i> which reduces the thermotolerance of other aphid species. We failed to find an increase in tolerance to high temperatures in BYDV-infected aphids or an impact of <i>Rickettsiella</i> on thermotolerance. However, BYDV interacted with <i>R. padi</i> endosymbionts in unexpected ways, suppressing the density of <i>Buchnera</i> and <i>Rickettsiella</i>. BYDV density was also fourfold higher in <i>Rickettsiella</i>-infected aphids. Our findings indicate that BYDV does not necessarily increase the temperature tolerance of the aphid transmission vector to increase its transmission potential, at least for the genotype combinations tested here. The interactions between BYDV and <i>Rickettsiella</i> suggest new ways in which aphid endosymbionts may influence how BYDV spreads, which needs further testing in a field context.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/10oat aphidspestagriculturebiocontrolthermotoleranceluteovirus |
| spellingShingle | Evatt Chirgwin Qiong Yang Paul A. Umina Joshua A. Thia Alex Gill Wei Song Xinyue Gu Perran A. Ross Shu-Jun Wei Ary A. Hoffmann Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance Microorganisms oat aphids pest agriculture biocontrol thermotolerance luteovirus |
| title | Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance |
| title_full | Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance |
| title_fullStr | Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance |
| title_short | Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Influences Its Vector’s Endosymbionts but Not Its Thermotolerance |
| title_sort | barley yellow dwarf virus influences its vector s endosymbionts but not its thermotolerance |
| topic | oat aphids pest agriculture biocontrol thermotolerance luteovirus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/1/10 |
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