Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses
As the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to rise unabated, new models have been put forth to improve our understanding of this devastating condition. Although individual models may have their merits, integrated models may prove more valuable. Indeed, the reliable failures of monotherapi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00184/full |
| _version_ | 1818615939209363456 |
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| author | Nicholas G. Norwitz Adrian Soto Mota Sam G. Norwitz Kieran Clarke |
| author_facet | Nicholas G. Norwitz Adrian Soto Mota Sam G. Norwitz Kieran Clarke |
| author_sort | Nicholas G. Norwitz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to rise unabated, new models have been put forth to improve our understanding of this devastating condition. Although individual models may have their merits, integrated models may prove more valuable. Indeed, the reliable failures of monotherapies for AD, and the ensuing surrender of major drug companies, suggests that an integrated perspective may be necessary if we are to invent multifaceted treatments that could ultimately prove more successful. In this review article, we discuss the Wnt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), α-synuclein, and type 3 diabetes hypotheses of AD, and their deep interconnection, in order to foster the integrative thinking that may be required to reach a solution for the coming neurological epidemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:41:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc96562e586f4b84bcf6c3e652e5e2e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:41:52Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc96562e586f4b84bcf6c3e652e5e2e62022-12-21T22:24:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652019-07-011110.3389/fnagi.2019.00184471688Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes HypothesesNicholas G. Norwitz0Adrian Soto Mota1Sam G. Norwitz2Kieran Clarke3Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United StatesDepartment of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomAs the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD) continues to rise unabated, new models have been put forth to improve our understanding of this devastating condition. Although individual models may have their merits, integrated models may prove more valuable. Indeed, the reliable failures of monotherapies for AD, and the ensuing surrender of major drug companies, suggests that an integrated perspective may be necessary if we are to invent multifaceted treatments that could ultimately prove more successful. In this review article, we discuss the Wnt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), α-synuclein, and type 3 diabetes hypotheses of AD, and their deep interconnection, in order to foster the integrative thinking that may be required to reach a solution for the coming neurological epidemic.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00184/fullAlzheimer diseaseAβα-synucleinGSK3βParkinson’s diseasetau |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas G. Norwitz Adrian Soto Mota Sam G. Norwitz Kieran Clarke Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Alzheimer disease Aβ α-synuclein GSK3β Parkinson’s disease tau |
| title | Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses |
| title_full | Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses |
| title_short | Multi-Loop Model of Alzheimer Disease: An Integrated Perspective on the Wnt/GSK3β, α-Synuclein, and Type 3 Diabetes Hypotheses |
| title_sort | multi loop model of alzheimer disease an integrated perspective on the wnt gsk3β α synuclein and type 3 diabetes hypotheses |
| topic | Alzheimer disease Aβ α-synuclein GSK3β Parkinson’s disease tau |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00184/full |
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