Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay
Squalene has been tested widely in pharmacological activity including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity of squalene in silico and in vivo models. In the in silico model, the PASS server was used to evaluate squale...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3783 |
| _version_ | 1797602121932079104 |
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| author | Tri Widyawati Rony Abdi Syahputra Siti Syarifah Imam Bagus Sumantri |
| author_facet | Tri Widyawati Rony Abdi Syahputra Siti Syarifah Imam Bagus Sumantri |
| author_sort | Tri Widyawati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Squalene has been tested widely in pharmacological activity including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity of squalene in silico and in vivo models. In the in silico model, the PASS server was used to evaluate squalene antidiabetic properties. Meanwhile, the in vivo model was conducted on a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with the rats separated into three groups. These include squalene (160 mg/kgbw), metformin (45 mg/kgbw), and diabetic control (DC) (aquades 10 mL/kgbw) administered once daily for 14 days. Fasting Blood Glucose Level (FBGL), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV), leptin, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity were measured to analysis antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the pancreas was analysed through histopathology to examine the islet cell. The results showed that in silico analysis supported squalene antidiabetic potential. In vivo experiment demonstrated that squalene decreased FBGL levels to 134.40 ± 16.95 mg/dL. The highest DPPIV level was in diabetic control- (61.26 ± 15.06 ng/mL), while squalene group showed the lowest level (44.09 ± 5.29 ng/mL). Both metformin and squalene groups showed minor pancreatic rupture on histopathology. Leptin levels were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in diabetic control group (15.39 ± 1.77 ng/mL) than both squalene- (13.86 ± 0.47 ng/mL) and metformin-treated groups (9.22 ± 0.84 ng/mL). SOD activity were higher in both squalene- and metformin-treated group, particularly 22.42 ± 0.27 U/mL and 22.81 ± 0.08 U/mL than in diabetic control (21.88 ± 0.97 U/mL). In conclusion, in silico and in vivo experiments provide evidence of squalene antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:12:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bc9a1d5badd34fe896d53b906102632c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:12:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-bc9a1d5badd34fe896d53b906102632c2023-11-17T23:23:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-04-01289378310.3390/molecules28093783Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo AssayTri Widyawati0Rony Abdi Syahputra1Siti Syarifah2Imam Bagus Sumantri3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaSqualene has been tested widely in pharmacological activity including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. This study aims to examine antidiabetic activity of squalene in silico and in vivo models. In the in silico model, the PASS server was used to evaluate squalene antidiabetic properties. Meanwhile, the in vivo model was conducted on a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with the rats separated into three groups. These include squalene (160 mg/kgbw), metformin (45 mg/kgbw), and diabetic control (DC) (aquades 10 mL/kgbw) administered once daily for 14 days. Fasting Blood Glucose Level (FBGL), Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV), leptin, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity were measured to analysis antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the pancreas was analysed through histopathology to examine the islet cell. The results showed that in silico analysis supported squalene antidiabetic potential. In vivo experiment demonstrated that squalene decreased FBGL levels to 134.40 ± 16.95 mg/dL. The highest DPPIV level was in diabetic control- (61.26 ± 15.06 ng/mL), while squalene group showed the lowest level (44.09 ± 5.29 ng/mL). Both metformin and squalene groups showed minor pancreatic rupture on histopathology. Leptin levels were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in diabetic control group (15.39 ± 1.77 ng/mL) than both squalene- (13.86 ± 0.47 ng/mL) and metformin-treated groups (9.22 ± 0.84 ng/mL). SOD activity were higher in both squalene- and metformin-treated group, particularly 22.42 ± 0.27 U/mL and 22.81 ± 0.08 U/mL than in diabetic control (21.88 ± 0.97 U/mL). In conclusion, in silico and in vivo experiments provide evidence of squalene antidiabetic and antioxidant properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3783diabetic mellitusin silicoin vivosqualene |
| spellingShingle | Tri Widyawati Rony Abdi Syahputra Siti Syarifah Imam Bagus Sumantri Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay Molecules diabetic mellitus in silico in vivo squalene |
| title | Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay |
| title_full | Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay |
| title_short | Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay |
| title_sort | analysis of antidiabetic activity of squalene via in silico and in vivo assay |
| topic | diabetic mellitus in silico in vivo squalene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/9/3783 |
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