A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically devastating disease of swine in many parts of the world. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type 1 is endemic in Europe, and prevalence of the subtypes differ spatially. In this study, we investigated a...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/375 |
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| author | Karyn A. Havas Dennis N. Makau Sergei Shapovalov Ekaterina Tolkova Kim VanderWaal Tymofii Tkachyk Gordon D. Spronk Brad Heron Scott A. Dee Andres Perez |
| author_facet | Karyn A. Havas Dennis N. Makau Sergei Shapovalov Ekaterina Tolkova Kim VanderWaal Tymofii Tkachyk Gordon D. Spronk Brad Heron Scott A. Dee Andres Perez |
| author_sort | Karyn A. Havas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically devastating disease of swine in many parts of the world. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type 1 is endemic in Europe, and prevalence of the subtypes differ spatially. In this study, we investigated a severe PRRS outbreak reported in 30 farms located in eastern Russia that belong to a large swine production company in the region that was also experiencing a pseudorabies outbreak in the system. Data included 28 ORF5 sequences from samples across 18 of the 25 infected sites, reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results from diagnostic testing, reports of clinical signs, and animal movement records. We observed that the outbreak was due to two distinct variants of wildtype PRRSV type 1 subtype 1 with an average genetic distance of 15%. Results suggest that the wildtype PRRSV variants were introduced into the region around 2019, before affecting this production system (i.e., sow farms, nurseries, and finisher farms). Clinical signs did not differ between the variants, but they did differ by stage of pig production. Biosecurity lapses, including movement of animals from infected farms contributed to disease spread. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bca1ae22082c4f0fb1c9d28f7ffa43f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bca1ae22082c4f0fb1c9d28f7ffa43f22023-11-23T22:31:52ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-02-0114237510.3390/v14020375A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in RussiaKaryn A. Havas0Dennis N. Makau1Sergei Shapovalov2Ekaterina Tolkova3Kim VanderWaal4Tymofii Tkachyk5Gordon D. Spronk6Brad Heron7Scott A. Dee8Andres Perez9Pipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USADepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USAGenomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Testing Center, Cherkizovo LLC, 107143 Moscow, RussiaGenomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Testing Center, Cherkizovo LLC, 107143 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USAGenomics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Testing Center, Cherkizovo LLC, 107143 Moscow, RussiaPipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USAPork Division, Cherkizovo Group Limited Liability Corporation, 399870 Lipetsk, RussiaPipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USADepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USAPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically devastating disease of swine in many parts of the world. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) type 1 is endemic in Europe, and prevalence of the subtypes differ spatially. In this study, we investigated a severe PRRS outbreak reported in 30 farms located in eastern Russia that belong to a large swine production company in the region that was also experiencing a pseudorabies outbreak in the system. Data included 28 ORF5 sequences from samples across 18 of the 25 infected sites, reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results from diagnostic testing, reports of clinical signs, and animal movement records. We observed that the outbreak was due to two distinct variants of wildtype PRRSV type 1 subtype 1 with an average genetic distance of 15%. Results suggest that the wildtype PRRSV variants were introduced into the region around 2019, before affecting this production system (i.e., sow farms, nurseries, and finisher farms). Clinical signs did not differ between the variants, but they did differ by stage of pig production. Biosecurity lapses, including movement of animals from infected farms contributed to disease spread.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/375viral emergenceviral evolutionviral transmissionswine productionmolecular epidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Karyn A. Havas Dennis N. Makau Sergei Shapovalov Ekaterina Tolkova Kim VanderWaal Tymofii Tkachyk Gordon D. Spronk Brad Heron Scott A. Dee Andres Perez A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia Viruses viral emergence viral evolution viral transmission swine production molecular epidemiology |
| title | A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia |
| title_full | A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia |
| title_fullStr | A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia |
| title_short | A Molecular and Epidemiological Description of a Severe Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak in a Commercial Swine Production System in Russia |
| title_sort | molecular and epidemiological description of a severe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome outbreak in a commercial swine production system in russia |
| topic | viral emergence viral evolution viral transmission swine production molecular epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/375 |
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