Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method
In recent years, cobalt ferrite has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical properties. The present study aimed to produce cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles doped with zinc and vanadium using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. For this purpose, Co<sub>1−x</sub>Zn...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/752 |
| _version_ | 1797474325253586944 |
|---|---|
| author | Parvin Imanipour Saeed Hasani Amir Seifoddini Marcin Nabiałek |
| author_facet | Parvin Imanipour Saeed Hasani Amir Seifoddini Marcin Nabiałek |
| author_sort | Parvin Imanipour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, cobalt ferrite has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical properties. The present study aimed to produce cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles doped with zinc and vanadium using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. For this purpose, Co<sub>1−x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2−y</sub>V<sub>y</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and y = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) precursors were calcined at 800 °C for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in combination with Rietveld structure refinement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of crystalline spinel structure for all samples. However, the diffraction peaks of hematite and iron vanadium oxide phases were observed in the patterns of some doped samples. The average crystallite size for all the synthesized samples was found to be in the range of ~45–24 nm, implying that it decreased by simultaneously doping cobalt ferrite with Zn and V. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of the spinal structure of ferrite through the observed vibrational bands assigned to the tetrahedral (υ<sub>2</sub>) and octahedral (υ<sub>1</sub>) interstitial complexes in the spinel structure. The FE-SEM images showed that morphology, average grain size, and agglomeration of the synthesized powders were affected by doping, which was due to the interactions of the magnetic surface of nanoparticles. The VSM curves demonstrated that saturation magnetization and coercivity values changed in the range of 30–83 emu/g and from 27–913 Oe, respectively. These changes occurred due to the alteration in cation distribution in the spinel structure. This can be attributed to the change in superexchange interactions between magnetic ions by co-substitution of Zn and V ions in Cobalt ferrite and the changes in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:28:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcaf4c7fac0b4b5885ad616576c074d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:28:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcaf4c7fac0b4b5885ad616576c074d22023-11-23T23:29:36ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-02-0112575210.3390/nano12050752Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion MethodParvin Imanipour0Saeed Hasani1Amir Seifoddini2Marcin Nabiałek3Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, IranDepartment of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, IranDepartment of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, IranDepartment of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandIn recent years, cobalt ferrite has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical properties. The present study aimed to produce cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles doped with zinc and vanadium using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. For this purpose, Co<sub>1−x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2−y</sub>V<sub>y</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and y = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) precursors were calcined at 800 °C for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in combination with Rietveld structure refinement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of crystalline spinel structure for all samples. However, the diffraction peaks of hematite and iron vanadium oxide phases were observed in the patterns of some doped samples. The average crystallite size for all the synthesized samples was found to be in the range of ~45–24 nm, implying that it decreased by simultaneously doping cobalt ferrite with Zn and V. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of the spinal structure of ferrite through the observed vibrational bands assigned to the tetrahedral (υ<sub>2</sub>) and octahedral (υ<sub>1</sub>) interstitial complexes in the spinel structure. The FE-SEM images showed that morphology, average grain size, and agglomeration of the synthesized powders were affected by doping, which was due to the interactions of the magnetic surface of nanoparticles. The VSM curves demonstrated that saturation magnetization and coercivity values changed in the range of 30–83 emu/g and from 27–913 Oe, respectively. These changes occurred due to the alteration in cation distribution in the spinel structure. This can be attributed to the change in superexchange interactions between magnetic ions by co-substitution of Zn and V ions in Cobalt ferrite and the changes in magnetocrystalline anisotropy.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/752cobalt ferritedoping elementsmagnetic propertiescoercivitysol-gel method |
| spellingShingle | Parvin Imanipour Saeed Hasani Amir Seifoddini Marcin Nabiałek Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method Nanomaterials cobalt ferrite doping elements magnetic properties coercivity sol-gel method |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of zinc and vanadium co substituted cofe sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub nanoparticles synthesized by using the sol gel auto combustion method |
| topic | cobalt ferrite doping elements magnetic properties coercivity sol-gel method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/5/752 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT parvinimanipour synthesisandcharacterizationofzincandvanadiumcosubstitutedcofesub2subosub4subnanoparticlessynthesizedbyusingthesolgelautocombustionmethod AT saeedhasani synthesisandcharacterizationofzincandvanadiumcosubstitutedcofesub2subosub4subnanoparticlessynthesizedbyusingthesolgelautocombustionmethod AT amirseifoddini synthesisandcharacterizationofzincandvanadiumcosubstitutedcofesub2subosub4subnanoparticlessynthesizedbyusingthesolgelautocombustionmethod AT marcinnabiałek synthesisandcharacterizationofzincandvanadiumcosubstitutedcofesub2subosub4subnanoparticlessynthesizedbyusingthesolgelautocombustionmethod |