IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021)
<p>We present IT-SNOW, a serially complete and multi-year snow reanalysis for Italy (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 301 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/639/2023/essd-15-639-2023.pdf |
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| author | F. Avanzi S. Gabellani F. Delogu F. Silvestro F. Pignone G. Bruno G. Bruno L. Pulvirenti G. Squicciarino E. Fiori L. Rossi S. Puca A. Toniazzo P. Giordano M. Falzacappa S. Ratto H. Stevenin A. Cardillo M. Fioletti O. Cazzuli E. Cremonese U. Morra di Cella U. Morra di Cella L. Ferraris L. Ferraris |
| author_facet | F. Avanzi S. Gabellani F. Delogu F. Silvestro F. Pignone G. Bruno G. Bruno L. Pulvirenti G. Squicciarino E. Fiori L. Rossi S. Puca A. Toniazzo P. Giordano M. Falzacappa S. Ratto H. Stevenin A. Cardillo M. Fioletti O. Cazzuli E. Cremonese U. Morra di Cella U. Morra di Cella L. Ferraris L. Ferraris |
| author_sort | F. Avanzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>We present IT-SNOW, a serially complete and multi-year snow reanalysis for Italy (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 301 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span>) – a transitional continental-to-Mediterranean region where snow plays an important but still poorly constrained societal and ecological role. IT-SNOW provides <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 500 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> daily maps of snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, bulk snow density, and liquid water content for the initial period 1 September 2010–31 August 2021, with future updates envisaged on a regular basis. As the output of an operational chain employed in real-world civil protection applications (S3M Italy), IT-SNOW ingests input data from thousands of automatic weather stations, snow-covered-area maps from Sentinel-2, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and H SAF products, as well as maps of snow depth from the spatialization of over 350 on-the-ground snow depth sensors. Validation using Sentinel-1-based maps of snow depth and a variety of independent, in situ snow data from three focus regions (Aosta Valley, Lombardy, and Molise) show little to no mean bias compared to the former, and root mean square errors are of the typical order of 30–60 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> and 90–300 <span class="inline-formula">mm</span> for in situ, measured snow depth and snow water equivalent, respectively. Estimates of peak SWE by IT-SNOW are also well correlated with annual streamflow at the closure section of 102 basins across Italy (0.87), with ratios between peak water volume in snow and annual streamflow that are in line with expectations for this mixed rain–snow region (22 % on average and 12 % median). Examples of use allowed us to estimate 13.70 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 4.9 <span class="inline-formula">Gm<sup>3</sup></span> of water volume stored in snow across the Italian landscape at peak accumulation, which on average occurs on 4 March <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 10 <span class="inline-formula">d</span>. Nearly 52 % of the mean seasonal SWE is accumulated across the Po river basin, followed by the Adige river (23 %), and central Apennines (5 %). IT-SNOW is freely available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034956">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034956</a> <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx9">Avanzi et al.</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx9">2022</a><a href="#bib1.bibx9">b</a>)</span> and can contribute to better constraining the role of snow for seasonal to annual water resources – a crucial endeavor in a warming and drier climate.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:34:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcb4fbcb0bbd41fb88d6d8be924d4e00 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1866-3508 1866-3516 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T16:34:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcb4fbcb0bbd41fb88d6d8be924d4e002023-02-08T12:37:18ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162023-02-011563966010.5194/essd-15-639-2023IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021)F. Avanzi0S. Gabellani1F. Delogu2F. Silvestro3F. Pignone4G. Bruno5G. Bruno6L. Pulvirenti7G. Squicciarino8E. Fiori9L. Rossi10S. Puca11A. Toniazzo12P. Giordano13M. Falzacappa14S. Ratto15H. Stevenin16A. Cardillo17M. Fioletti18O. Cazzuli19E. Cremonese20U. Morra di Cella21U. Morra di Cella22L. Ferraris23L. Ferraris24CIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyDepartment of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyItalian Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyItalian Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyItalian Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyItalian Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyRegione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Centro funzionale regionale, Via Promis 2/a, 11100 Aosta, ItalyRegione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Centro funzionale regionale, Via Promis 2/a, 11100 Aosta, ItalyCivil Protection, Regional Functional Center, Molise Region, Campochiaro, CB, ItalyEnvironmental Protection Agency of Lombardy, Milan, ItalyEnvironmental Protection Agency of Lombardy, Milan, ItalyAosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency, loc. La Maladière 48, 11020 Saint-Christophe, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyAosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency, loc. La Maladière 48, 11020 Saint-Christophe, ItalyCIMA Research Foundation, Via Armando Magliotto 2, 17100 Savona, ItalyDepartment of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy<p>We present IT-SNOW, a serially complete and multi-year snow reanalysis for Italy (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 301 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>3</sup></span> <span class="inline-formula">km<sup>2</sup></span>) – a transitional continental-to-Mediterranean region where snow plays an important but still poorly constrained societal and ecological role. IT-SNOW provides <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 500 <span class="inline-formula">m</span> daily maps of snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, bulk snow density, and liquid water content for the initial period 1 September 2010–31 August 2021, with future updates envisaged on a regular basis. As the output of an operational chain employed in real-world civil protection applications (S3M Italy), IT-SNOW ingests input data from thousands of automatic weather stations, snow-covered-area maps from Sentinel-2, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and H SAF products, as well as maps of snow depth from the spatialization of over 350 on-the-ground snow depth sensors. Validation using Sentinel-1-based maps of snow depth and a variety of independent, in situ snow data from three focus regions (Aosta Valley, Lombardy, and Molise) show little to no mean bias compared to the former, and root mean square errors are of the typical order of 30–60 <span class="inline-formula">cm</span> and 90–300 <span class="inline-formula">mm</span> for in situ, measured snow depth and snow water equivalent, respectively. Estimates of peak SWE by IT-SNOW are also well correlated with annual streamflow at the closure section of 102 basins across Italy (0.87), with ratios between peak water volume in snow and annual streamflow that are in line with expectations for this mixed rain–snow region (22 % on average and 12 % median). Examples of use allowed us to estimate 13.70 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 4.9 <span class="inline-formula">Gm<sup>3</sup></span> of water volume stored in snow across the Italian landscape at peak accumulation, which on average occurs on 4 March <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 10 <span class="inline-formula">d</span>. Nearly 52 % of the mean seasonal SWE is accumulated across the Po river basin, followed by the Adige river (23 %), and central Apennines (5 %). IT-SNOW is freely available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034956">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034956</a> <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx9">Avanzi et al.</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx9">2022</a><a href="#bib1.bibx9">b</a>)</span> and can contribute to better constraining the role of snow for seasonal to annual water resources – a crucial endeavor in a warming and drier climate.</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/639/2023/essd-15-639-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | F. Avanzi S. Gabellani F. Delogu F. Silvestro F. Pignone G. Bruno G. Bruno L. Pulvirenti G. Squicciarino E. Fiori L. Rossi S. Puca A. Toniazzo P. Giordano M. Falzacappa S. Ratto H. Stevenin A. Cardillo M. Fioletti O. Cazzuli E. Cremonese U. Morra di Cella U. Morra di Cella L. Ferraris L. Ferraris IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) Earth System Science Data |
| title | IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) |
| title_full | IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) |
| title_fullStr | IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) |
| title_full_unstemmed | IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) |
| title_short | IT-SNOW: a snow reanalysis for Italy blending modeling, in situ data, and satellite observations (2010–2021) |
| title_sort | it snow a snow reanalysis for italy blending modeling in situ data and satellite observations 2010 2021 |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/639/2023/essd-15-639-2023.pdf |
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