Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures
The aged dams in Perak river Hydro-Electric Scheme (HES) have been constructed decades ago and a common concern raised during dam safety reviews is that they were not designed to safely reroute the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) but rather the Inflow Design Flood (IDF) of 1,000 years’ design floods. F...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Ain Shams Engineering Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209044792300429X |
| _version_ | 1797449517384073216 |
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| author | Syahida Farhan Azha Lariyah Mohd Sidek Kahhoong Kok Sarbani Anjang Ahmad Darul Hisham Saman Siti Mariam Allias Omar Hidayah Basri Mohd Hafiz Zawawi Ali Najah Ahmed |
| author_facet | Syahida Farhan Azha Lariyah Mohd Sidek Kahhoong Kok Sarbani Anjang Ahmad Darul Hisham Saman Siti Mariam Allias Omar Hidayah Basri Mohd Hafiz Zawawi Ali Najah Ahmed |
| author_sort | Syahida Farhan Azha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aged dams in Perak river Hydro-Electric Scheme (HES) have been constructed decades ago and a common concern raised during dam safety reviews is that they were not designed to safely reroute the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) but rather the Inflow Design Flood (IDF) of 1,000 years’ design floods. Failure due to the insufficient spillway discharge capacity has been identified as one of the primary causes leading to overtopping. This applied research has thus been initiated to evaluate the spillway discharge capacity of dams in response to PMF extreme flooding. Besides, the safety of the dams has been evaluated by calculating the highest flood level achieved in response to the specified extreme floods. In order to simulate PMF hydrographs, various durations of Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) have been calculated using Hershfield statistical approach based on historical annual maximum rainfall statistics. Using a calibrated and validated hydrological model developed in HEC-HMS, PMF simulation was performed. It was discovered that the PMF generated at 120 hrs (5 days) resulted in the maximum flood level for all dams/reservoirs. The achieved highest PMF flood levels are still lower than the designated dam core and crest level in respective dams, indicating that the dams in Perak river HES are safe from overtopping failures during the occurrences of extreme events up to PMF level. While routing the worst-case scenario over 120 hr, the maximum spillway discharges predicted for Temengor and Bersia are beyond their design capacity, while Kenering and Chenderoh remain within design limits. Mitigation that will be implemented to minimize the possibility of risks to occur include improvement of emergency management system and dams monitoring data collection. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this applied research will be adopted for development of Risk Informed Decision Making (RIDM) frameworks for dams in Perak river HES in future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:26:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcb9f5fa71454756a7091c0efa9d2839 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-4479 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:26:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ain Shams Engineering Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcb9f5fa71454756a7091c0efa9d28392023-11-28T07:25:44ZengElsevierAin Shams Engineering Journal2090-44792023-11-011411102540Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measuresSyahida Farhan Azha0Lariyah Mohd Sidek1Kahhoong Kok2Sarbani Anjang Ahmad3Darul Hisham Saman4Siti Mariam Allias Omar5Hidayah Basri6Mohd Hafiz Zawawi7Ali Najah Ahmed8Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Corresponding authors.Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Corresponding authors.Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Hydro Science and Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, KoreaTNB Power Generation Sdn. Bhd., 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, MalaysiaTNB Power Generation Sdn. Bhd., 46050 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaInstitute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI) and Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaThe aged dams in Perak river Hydro-Electric Scheme (HES) have been constructed decades ago and a common concern raised during dam safety reviews is that they were not designed to safely reroute the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) but rather the Inflow Design Flood (IDF) of 1,000 years’ design floods. Failure due to the insufficient spillway discharge capacity has been identified as one of the primary causes leading to overtopping. This applied research has thus been initiated to evaluate the spillway discharge capacity of dams in response to PMF extreme flooding. Besides, the safety of the dams has been evaluated by calculating the highest flood level achieved in response to the specified extreme floods. In order to simulate PMF hydrographs, various durations of Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) have been calculated using Hershfield statistical approach based on historical annual maximum rainfall statistics. Using a calibrated and validated hydrological model developed in HEC-HMS, PMF simulation was performed. It was discovered that the PMF generated at 120 hrs (5 days) resulted in the maximum flood level for all dams/reservoirs. The achieved highest PMF flood levels are still lower than the designated dam core and crest level in respective dams, indicating that the dams in Perak river HES are safe from overtopping failures during the occurrences of extreme events up to PMF level. While routing the worst-case scenario over 120 hr, the maximum spillway discharges predicted for Temengor and Bersia are beyond their design capacity, while Kenering and Chenderoh remain within design limits. Mitigation that will be implemented to minimize the possibility of risks to occur include improvement of emergency management system and dams monitoring data collection. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this applied research will be adopted for development of Risk Informed Decision Making (RIDM) frameworks for dams in Perak river HES in future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209044792300429XPerak River HESSpillway Discharge CapacityProbable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)Probable Maximum Flood (PMF)Overtopping FailuresMitigation Measures |
| spellingShingle | Syahida Farhan Azha Lariyah Mohd Sidek Kahhoong Kok Sarbani Anjang Ahmad Darul Hisham Saman Siti Mariam Allias Omar Hidayah Basri Mohd Hafiz Zawawi Ali Najah Ahmed Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures Ain Shams Engineering Journal Perak River HES Spillway Discharge Capacity Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Overtopping Failures Mitigation Measures |
| title | Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| title_full | Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| title_fullStr | Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| title_short | Assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in Perak river hydroelectric scheme: Simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| title_sort | assessing dam spillway discharge capacity in response to extreme floods in perak river hydroelectric scheme simulation and proposed mitigation measures |
| topic | Perak River HES Spillway Discharge Capacity Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) Overtopping Failures Mitigation Measures |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209044792300429X |
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