Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/11/1495 |
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| author | Shirley T. Padilla Toshiro Niki Daisuke Furushima Gaowa Bai Haorile Chagan-Yasutan Elizabeth Freda Telan Rosario Jessica Tactacan-Abrenica Yosuke Maeda Rontgene Solante Toshio Hattori |
| author_facet | Shirley T. Padilla Toshiro Niki Daisuke Furushima Gaowa Bai Haorile Chagan-Yasutan Elizabeth Freda Telan Rosario Jessica Tactacan-Abrenica Yosuke Maeda Rontgene Solante Toshio Hattori |
| author_sort | Shirley T. Padilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), are known to be elevated in AIDS and TB. Therefore, full-length (FL)-Gal9 and FL-OPN, and their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN), and 38 cytokines/chemokines were measured in the plasma of 24 AIDS (other than TB), 49 TB, and 33 AIDS/TB patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to screen molecules that could distinguish either between disease and normal group, among each disease group, or between deceased patients and survivors. Selected molecules were further analyzed for significant differences. Tr-Gal9 had the highest ability to differentiate TB from AIDS or AIDS/TB, while Ud-OPN distinguished multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB from non-MDR TB, and extra-pulmonary TB from pulmonary TB. Molecules significantly elevated in deceased patients included; FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-α in AIDS; IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in TB; and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in AIDS/TB. From the sensitivity, specificity, and significant elevation, Tr-Gal9 is the best biomarker of inflammation and severity in AIDS and AIDS/TB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:13:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcbe5cc9077e4a5b97e1f1d8ff123083 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:13:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcbe5cc9077e4a5b97e1f1d8ff1230832023-11-20T19:12:11ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2020-10-011011149510.3390/biom10111495Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis CoinfectionShirley T. Padilla0Toshiro Niki1Daisuke Furushima2Gaowa Bai3Haorile Chagan-Yasutan4Elizabeth Freda Telan5Rosario Jessica Tactacan-Abrenica6Yosuke Maeda7Rontgene Solante8Toshio Hattori9Adult Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila 1003, PhilippinesDepartment of Immunology, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 7610793, JapanDepartment of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, JapanDepartment of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, JapanDepartment of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, JapanSTD AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila 1003, PhilippinesHIV Department, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila 1003, PhilippinesViral Section, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, JapanAdult Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila 1003, PhilippinesDepartment of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, JapanAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), are known to be elevated in AIDS and TB. Therefore, full-length (FL)-Gal9 and FL-OPN, and their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN), and 38 cytokines/chemokines were measured in the plasma of 24 AIDS (other than TB), 49 TB, and 33 AIDS/TB patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to screen molecules that could distinguish either between disease and normal group, among each disease group, or between deceased patients and survivors. Selected molecules were further analyzed for significant differences. Tr-Gal9 had the highest ability to differentiate TB from AIDS or AIDS/TB, while Ud-OPN distinguished multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB from non-MDR TB, and extra-pulmonary TB from pulmonary TB. Molecules significantly elevated in deceased patients included; FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-α in AIDS; IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in TB; and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in AIDS/TB. From the sensitivity, specificity, and significant elevation, Tr-Gal9 is the best biomarker of inflammation and severity in AIDS and AIDS/TB.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/11/1495AIDStuberculosisgalectin-9osteopontintruncated Gal-9severity |
| spellingShingle | Shirley T. Padilla Toshiro Niki Daisuke Furushima Gaowa Bai Haorile Chagan-Yasutan Elizabeth Freda Telan Rosario Jessica Tactacan-Abrenica Yosuke Maeda Rontgene Solante Toshio Hattori Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection Biomolecules AIDS tuberculosis galectin-9 osteopontin truncated Gal-9 severity |
| title | Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection |
| title_full | Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection |
| title_fullStr | Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection |
| title_short | Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection |
| title_sort | plasma levels of a cleaved form of galectin 9 are the most sensitive biomarkers of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and tuberculosis coinfection |
| topic | AIDS tuberculosis galectin-9 osteopontin truncated Gal-9 severity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/11/1495 |
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