Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data
Abstract Background Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne pathogen endemic in countries in the Mediterranean basin, including Italy. Dogs act as the primary reservoir for this parasite, but other animal species may also be infected. Low-to-moderate seroprevalence levels of infection have been report...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04385-8 |
| _version_ | 1818228824574263296 |
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| author | Alessia Libera Gazzonis Filippo Bertero Iolanda Moretta Giulia Morganti Michele Mortarino Luca Villa Sergio Aurelio Zanzani Benedetto Morandi Riccardo Rinnovati Fabrizio Vitale Maria Teresa Manfredi Luis Cardoso Fabrizia Veronesi |
| author_facet | Alessia Libera Gazzonis Filippo Bertero Iolanda Moretta Giulia Morganti Michele Mortarino Luca Villa Sergio Aurelio Zanzani Benedetto Morandi Riccardo Rinnovati Fabrizio Vitale Maria Teresa Manfredi Luis Cardoso Fabrizia Veronesi |
| author_sort | Alessia Libera Gazzonis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne pathogen endemic in countries in the Mediterranean basin, including Italy. Dogs act as the primary reservoir for this parasite, but other animal species may also be infected. Low-to-moderate seroprevalence levels of infection have been reported in apparent healthy equine populations in southern Europe, reinforcing the importance of exploring those species, including horses, that act as a food source for vectors and may thus participate in the epizoological scenario of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL). Since little is known regarding the exposure to L. infantum in horses in Italy, we assessed the seroprevalence in healthy equine populations from different CanL endemic areas. Methods The survey was conducted on 660 apparently healthy horses distributed throughout central and northern regions of Italy between 2016 and 2019. Blood samples were collected and the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies (IgG) was investigated by the immunofluorescence antibody test. Information on the location and altitude of the stables, along with the horses’ breed, age, sex, and reproductive status was obtained by filling in a questionnaire. This was then used for statistical analysis by generalized linear models to explore risk factors associated with seroreactivity to L. infantum. Results An average seroprevalence of 13.9% was detected for L. infantum in the equine populations investigated, with statistically significant associations between seroprevalence, geographical variables (northern vs central Italy, origin and altitude) and individual factors (i.e. age and breed morphotype). Conclusions Our results highlight that horses are frequently exposed to L. infantum. Further prevalence surveys in horses, also using direct methods (e.g. PCR), are warranted to clarify the role of these hosts in the epidemiology of Leishmania in Italy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:08:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcc0a8de9f124c2bb07caab9acb096e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:08:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcc0a8de9f124c2bb07caab9acb096e72022-12-22T00:27:52ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052020-10-011311910.1186/s13071-020-04385-8Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian dataAlessia Libera Gazzonis0Filippo Bertero1Iolanda Moretta2Giulia Morganti3Michele Mortarino4Luca Villa5Sergio Aurelio Zanzani6Benedetto Morandi7Riccardo Rinnovati8Fabrizio Vitale9Maria Teresa Manfredi10Luis Cardoso11Fabrizia Veronesi12Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of PerugiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of PerugiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of PerugiaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Degli Studi Di BolognaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università Degli Studi Di BolognaNational Reference Center for Leishmaniasis (C.Re.Na.L.), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della SiciliaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro (UTAD)Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of PerugiaAbstract Background Leishmania infantum is a vector-borne pathogen endemic in countries in the Mediterranean basin, including Italy. Dogs act as the primary reservoir for this parasite, but other animal species may also be infected. Low-to-moderate seroprevalence levels of infection have been reported in apparent healthy equine populations in southern Europe, reinforcing the importance of exploring those species, including horses, that act as a food source for vectors and may thus participate in the epizoological scenario of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) and zoonotic visceral leishmaniosis (ZVL). Since little is known regarding the exposure to L. infantum in horses in Italy, we assessed the seroprevalence in healthy equine populations from different CanL endemic areas. Methods The survey was conducted on 660 apparently healthy horses distributed throughout central and northern regions of Italy between 2016 and 2019. Blood samples were collected and the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies (IgG) was investigated by the immunofluorescence antibody test. Information on the location and altitude of the stables, along with the horses’ breed, age, sex, and reproductive status was obtained by filling in a questionnaire. This was then used for statistical analysis by generalized linear models to explore risk factors associated with seroreactivity to L. infantum. Results An average seroprevalence of 13.9% was detected for L. infantum in the equine populations investigated, with statistically significant associations between seroprevalence, geographical variables (northern vs central Italy, origin and altitude) and individual factors (i.e. age and breed morphotype). Conclusions Our results highlight that horses are frequently exposed to L. infantum. Further prevalence surveys in horses, also using direct methods (e.g. PCR), are warranted to clarify the role of these hosts in the epidemiology of Leishmania in Italy.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04385-8AntibodiesHorsesIFATItalyLeishmania infantumRisk factors |
| spellingShingle | Alessia Libera Gazzonis Filippo Bertero Iolanda Moretta Giulia Morganti Michele Mortarino Luca Villa Sergio Aurelio Zanzani Benedetto Morandi Riccardo Rinnovati Fabrizio Vitale Maria Teresa Manfredi Luis Cardoso Fabrizia Veronesi Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data Parasites & Vectors Antibodies Horses IFAT Italy Leishmania infantum Risk factors |
| title | Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data |
| title_full | Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data |
| title_fullStr | Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data |
| title_short | Detecting antibodies to Leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of Italian data |
| title_sort | detecting antibodies to leishmania infantum in horses from areas with different epizooticity levels of canine leishmaniosis and a retrospective revision of italian data |
| topic | Antibodies Horses IFAT Italy Leishmania infantum Risk factors |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-020-04385-8 |
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