Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion
Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still un...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/812 |
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| author | Zhou Shen Yiling Yang Siqi Yang Guangxu Zhang Shaobo Xiao Zhen F. Fu Guiqing Peng |
| author_facet | Zhou Shen Yiling Yang Siqi Yang Guangxu Zhang Shaobo Xiao Zhen F. Fu Guiqing Peng |
| author_sort | Zhou Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still unclear. Here, we report the 2.1-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in emerging porcine SADS-CoV and the 1.8-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in the highly lethal cat FIPV. Although they belong to different subtypes of α-CoVs, these viruses all have a bucket-shaped fold composed of six β-sheets, similar to the crystal structure of PEDV and TGEV nsp1. Comparing the above four structures, we found that the structure of α-CoVs nsp1 in the same subtype was more conserved. We then selected mammalian cells that were treated with SADS-CoV and FIPV nsp1 for RNA sequencing analysis and found that nsp1 had a specific inhibitory effect on interferon (IFN) and cell cycle genes. Using the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) assay and Western blotting, we confirmed that seven representative α-CoVs nsp1s could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT1-S727 and interfere with the effect of IFN-I. Moreover, the cell cycle experiment confirmed that α-CoVs nsp1 could encourage host cells to stay in the G0/G1 phase. Based on these findings, we not only greatly improved the crystal structure data on α-CoVs nsp1, but we also speculated that α-CoVs nsp1 regulated host proliferation and immune evasion-related biological functions by inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins, thus creating an environment conducive to the virus. |
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| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:10:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcc373188aeb412e95584237602af0572023-11-20T08:09:27ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-07-0112881210.3390/v12080812Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune EvasionZhou Shen0Yiling Yang1Siqi Yang2Guangxu Zhang3Shaobo Xiao4Zhen F. Fu5Guiqing Peng6State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaNon-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is only characterized in alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs) and betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). There have been extensive researches on how the β-CoVs nsp1 regulates viral virulence by inhibiting host protein synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of the α-CoVs nsp1 is still unclear. Here, we report the 2.1-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in emerging porcine SADS-CoV and the 1.8-Å full-length crystal structure of nsp1 in the highly lethal cat FIPV. Although they belong to different subtypes of α-CoVs, these viruses all have a bucket-shaped fold composed of six β-sheets, similar to the crystal structure of PEDV and TGEV nsp1. Comparing the above four structures, we found that the structure of α-CoVs nsp1 in the same subtype was more conserved. We then selected mammalian cells that were treated with SADS-CoV and FIPV nsp1 for RNA sequencing analysis and found that nsp1 had a specific inhibitory effect on interferon (IFN) and cell cycle genes. Using the Renilla luciferase (Rluc) assay and Western blotting, we confirmed that seven representative α-CoVs nsp1s could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT1-S727 and interfere with the effect of IFN-I. Moreover, the cell cycle experiment confirmed that α-CoVs nsp1 could encourage host cells to stay in the G0/G1 phase. Based on these findings, we not only greatly improved the crystal structure data on α-CoVs nsp1, but we also speculated that α-CoVs nsp1 regulated host proliferation and immune evasion-related biological functions by inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins, thus creating an environment conducive to the virus.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/812alphacoronavirus nsp1crystal structurestructure-functioninfectious diseasecellular immune responseRNA sequence |
| spellingShingle | Zhou Shen Yiling Yang Siqi Yang Guangxu Zhang Shaobo Xiao Zhen F. Fu Guiqing Peng Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion Viruses alphacoronavirus nsp1 crystal structure structure-function infectious disease cellular immune response RNA sequence |
| title | Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion |
| title_full | Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion |
| title_fullStr | Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion |
| title_short | Structural and Biological Basis of Alphacoronavirus nsp1 Associated with Host Proliferation and Immune Evasion |
| title_sort | structural and biological basis of alphacoronavirus nsp1 associated with host proliferation and immune evasion |
| topic | alphacoronavirus nsp1 crystal structure structure-function infectious disease cellular immune response RNA sequence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/8/812 |
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