| Summary: | There are now seven species in the genus <i>Aquatica</i> Fu & Ballantyne, with all but one known from the characteristics of males, females, and larvae. Molecular information is combined with morphological taxonomy for the delimitation of both genus and species. The monophyly of the genus <i>Aquatica</i> is strongly supported in six trees, and its position as sister to the genus <i>Nipponoluciola</i> Ballantyne Kawashima Jusoh et Suzuki is stable across maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference results. Two new species of <i>Aquatica</i> Fu & Ballantyne, <i>A. qingshen</i> sp. nov. and <i>A. xianning</i> sp. nov., described from the features of males, females, and larvae, are closely related within a single clade within the genus <i>Aquatica</i>. Females have distinctively shaped median oviduct plates. A Chinese population identified as <i>A. lateralis</i> was found to be morphologically similar to the Japanese population, but genetic distances suggest that it is a distinctive species. No larvae are associated with this species. Definitions of the aquatic status of Luciolinae fireflies are expanded.
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