Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways
The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world’s largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19...
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| 语言: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-10-01
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| 丛编: | PeerJ |
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| 在线阅读: | https://peerj.com/articles/12227.pdf |
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| author | Franco Cicconetti Piero Sestili Valeria Madiai Maria Cristina Albertini Luigi Campanella Sofia Coppari Daniele Fraternale Bryan Saunders Laura Teodori |
| author_facet | Franco Cicconetti Piero Sestili Valeria Madiai Maria Cristina Albertini Luigi Campanella Sofia Coppari Daniele Fraternale Bryan Saunders Laura Teodori |
| author_sort | Franco Cicconetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world’s largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcc69eaddc8644cabff2d8f73b60ee92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcc69eaddc8644cabff2d8f73b60ee922023-12-02T23:47:04ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-10-019e1222710.7717/peerj.12227Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathwaysFranco Cicconetti0Piero Sestili1Valeria Madiai2Maria Cristina Albertini3Luigi Campanella4Sofia Coppari5Daniele Fraternale6Bryan Saunders7Laura Teodori8Department of Emergency DEA-Surgery, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, ItalyLaboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, ItalyDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, ItalyApplied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, ItalyThe COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world’s largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase.https://peerj.com/articles/12227.pdfSARS-CoV-2Preventive therapyUser-friendly therapyEconomic medical deviceVirus infection |
| spellingShingle | Franco Cicconetti Piero Sestili Valeria Madiai Maria Cristina Albertini Luigi Campanella Sofia Coppari Daniele Fraternale Bryan Saunders Laura Teodori Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways PeerJ SARS-CoV-2 Preventive therapy User-friendly therapy Economic medical device Virus infection |
| title | Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| title_full | Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| title_short | Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| title_sort | extracellular ph osmolarity temperature and humidity could discourage sars cov 2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Preventive therapy User-friendly therapy Economic medical device Virus infection |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/12227.pdf |
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