Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3
Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were scr...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/209 |
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| author | Adel K. Madbouly Younes M. Rashad Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim Nahla T. Elazab |
| author_facet | Adel K. Madbouly Younes M. Rashad Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim Nahla T. Elazab |
| author_sort | Adel K. Madbouly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were screened for their in vitro AFs-degrading activity using coumarin medium. The highest degradation potential was recorded for <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. (76.8%). This endophyte was identified using the rDNA-ITS sequence as <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 and assigned an accession no. of ON203053. It caused a 65% inhibition in the growth of <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 in vitro. HPLC analysis revealed that <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 had a biodegradation potential against AFB1. Co-culturing of <i>T. harazianum</i> AYM3 and <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 on maize grains led to a significant suppression (67%) in AFB1 production. GC-MS analysis identified two AFB1-suppressing compounds, acetic acid and n-propyl acetate. Investigating effect on the transcriptional expression of five AFB1 biosynthesis-related genes in <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 revealed the downregulating effects of <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 metabolites on expression of <i>aflP</i> and <i>aflS</i> genes. Using HepaRG cell line, the cytotoxicity assay indicated that <i>T. harazianum</i> AYM3 metabolites were safe. Based on these results, it can be concluded that <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 may be used to suppress AFB1 production in maize grains. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcc9756ca5224bf5a47aead1547b17322023-11-16T21:30:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-02-019220910.3390/jof9020209Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3Adel K. Madbouly0Younes M. Rashad1Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim2Nahla T. Elazab3Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Cairo 4392001, EgyptPlant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, EgyptNational Research Centre, Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Giza 12622, EgyptBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptAflatoxin B1 is one of the most deleterious types of mycotoxins. The application of an endophytic fungus for biodegradation or biosuppression of AFB1 production by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> was investigated. About 10 endophytic fungal species, isolated from healthy maize plants, were screened for their in vitro AFs-degrading activity using coumarin medium. The highest degradation potential was recorded for <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. (76.8%). This endophyte was identified using the rDNA-ITS sequence as <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 and assigned an accession no. of ON203053. It caused a 65% inhibition in the growth of <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 in vitro. HPLC analysis revealed that <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 had a biodegradation potential against AFB1. Co-culturing of <i>T. harazianum</i> AYM3 and <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 on maize grains led to a significant suppression (67%) in AFB1 production. GC-MS analysis identified two AFB1-suppressing compounds, acetic acid and n-propyl acetate. Investigating effect on the transcriptional expression of five AFB1 biosynthesis-related genes in <i>A. flavus</i> AYM2 revealed the downregulating effects of <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 metabolites on expression of <i>aflP</i> and <i>aflS</i> genes. Using HepaRG cell line, the cytotoxicity assay indicated that <i>T. harazianum</i> AYM3 metabolites were safe. Based on these results, it can be concluded that <i>T. harzianum</i> AYM3 may be used to suppress AFB1 production in maize grains.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/209mycotoxinsendophytebiocontroldetoxificationstorage |
| spellingShingle | Adel K. Madbouly Younes M. Rashad Mohamed I. M. Ibrahim Nahla T. Elazab Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 Journal of Fungi mycotoxins endophyte biocontrol detoxification storage |
| title | Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 |
| title_full | Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 |
| title_short | Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Grains and Suppression of Its Biosynthesis-Related Genes Using Endophytic <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> AYM3 |
| title_sort | biodegradation of aflatoxin b1 in maize grains and suppression of its biosynthesis related genes using endophytic i trichoderma harzianum i aym3 |
| topic | mycotoxins endophyte biocontrol detoxification storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/2/209 |
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