Forecasting the Global Battery Material Flow: Analyzing the Break-Even Points at Which Secondary Battery Raw Materials Can Substitute Primary Materials in the Battery Production

Forecasting the Global Battery Material Flow: Analyzing the Break-Even Points at Which Secondary Battery Raw Materials Can Substitute Primary Materials in the Battery Production

Growing numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) as well as controversial discussions on cost, scarcity and the environmental and social sustainability of primary raw materials that are needed for battery production together emphasize the necessity for battery recycling in the future. Nonetheless, the mar...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michael Neidhardt, Jordi Mas-Peiro, Magnus Schulz-Moenninghoff, Josep O. Pou, Rafael Gonzalez-Olmos, Arno Kwade, Benedikt Schmuelling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
battery recycling
material-flow analysis
lithium-ion battery
automotive
secondary raw material
circular economy
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4790

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4790

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