Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands
Abstract Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle we...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z |
| _version_ | 1828267668078067712 |
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| author | Vasanthi Iyer Clair A. Enthoven Paula van Dommelen Ashwin van Samkar Johanna H. Groenewoud Vincent V. W. Jaddoe Sijmen A. Reijneveld Caroline C. W. Klaver |
| author_facet | Vasanthi Iyer Clair A. Enthoven Paula van Dommelen Ashwin van Samkar Johanna H. Groenewoud Vincent V. W. Jaddoe Sijmen A. Reijneveld Caroline C. W. Klaver |
| author_sort | Vasanthi Iyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children. Methods We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction. Results The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only. Conclusions Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:07:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcdc91a7b97648efaee6bbde1ca524e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T05:07:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcdc91a7b97648efaee6bbde1ca524e82022-12-22T03:01:08ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312022-07-012211710.1186/s12887-022-03467-zRates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the NetherlandsVasanthi Iyer0Clair A. Enthoven1Paula van Dommelen2Ashwin van Samkar3Johanna H. Groenewoud4Vincent V. W. Jaddoe5Sijmen A. Reijneveld6Caroline C. W. Klaver7Department of Child Health, TNODepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical CenterDepartment of Child Health, TNOResident in Elderly Medicine, OmringRotterdam University of Applied SciencesThe Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical CenterDepartment of Child Health, TNODepartment of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical CenterAbstract Background Refractive errors are relatively common all around the world. In particular, early onset myopia is associated with a significant burden in later life. Little is known about refractive errors in preschool children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of spectacle wear, visual acuity and refractive errors in young Dutch children. Methods We analyzed data of three prospective population-based studies: 99,660 3- to 5-year-olds undergoing vision screening at preventive child healthcare organizations, 6934 6-year-olds from the Generation R study, and 2974 7-year-olds from the RAMSES study. Visual acuity was measured with Landolt-C or LEA charts, spectacle wear was assessed, and refractive errors at age 6 and 7 were measured with cycloplegic refraction. Results The prevalence of spectacle wear ranged from 1.5 to 11.8% between 3 to 7 years with no significant gender differences. Among children with spectacle wear at 6 years (N = 583) and 7 years (N = 350) 29.8 and 34.6% had myopia respectively, of which 21.1 and 21.6% combined with astigmatism; 19.6 and 6.8% had hyperopia, 37.2 and 11.1% hyperopia and astigmatism, and 12.5 and 32.7% astigmatism only. Conclusions Spectacle wear in European children starts early in preschool and increases to a relatively frequent visual aid at school age. Advocating early detection and monitoring of refraction errors is warranted in order to prevent visual morbidities later in life.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03467-zRefractive errorSpectacle wearMyopiaWell-child carePolicy |
| spellingShingle | Vasanthi Iyer Clair A. Enthoven Paula van Dommelen Ashwin van Samkar Johanna H. Groenewoud Vincent V. W. Jaddoe Sijmen A. Reijneveld Caroline C. W. Klaver Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands BMC Pediatrics Refractive error Spectacle wear Myopia Well-child care Policy |
| title | Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands |
| title_full | Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands |
| title_fullStr | Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands |
| title_short | Rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the Netherlands |
| title_sort | rates of spectacle wear in early childhood in the netherlands |
| topic | Refractive error Spectacle wear Myopia Well-child care Policy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03467-z |
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