Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential
Liquid feed is susceptible to microbiological growth. Yeasts are said to cause sudden death in swine due to intestinal gas formation. As not all animals given high yeast content feed fall ill, growth and gas formation potential at body temperature were investigated as possible causally required prop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/337 |
| _version_ | 1797545773560233984 |
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| author | Birgit Keller Henrike Kuder Christian Visscher Ute Siesenop Josef Kamphues |
| author_facet | Birgit Keller Henrike Kuder Christian Visscher Ute Siesenop Josef Kamphues |
| author_sort | Birgit Keller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liquid feed is susceptible to microbiological growth. Yeasts are said to cause sudden death in swine due to intestinal gas formation. As not all animals given high yeast content feed fall ill, growth and gas formation potential at body temperature were investigated as possible causally required properties. The best identification method for these environmental yeasts should be tested beforehand. Yeasts derived from liquid diets without (LD − S) and liquid diets with maize silage (LD + S) were examined biochemically (ID32C-test) and with MALDI-TOF with direct smear (DS) and an extraction method (EX). Growth temperature and gas-forming potential were measured. With MALDI-EX, most yeast isolates were identified: <i>Candida krusei</i> most often in LD − S, and <i>C. lambica</i> most often in LD + S, significantly more than in LD − S. Larger colonies, 58.75% of all yeast isolates, were formed at 25 °C rather than at 37 °C; 17.5% of all isolates did not grow at 37 °C at all. Most <i>C. krusei</i> isolates formed high gas amounts within 24 h, whereas none of the <i>C. lambica</i>, <i>C. holmii</i> and most other isolates did. The gas pressure formed by yeast isolates varied more than tenfold. Only a minority of the yeasts were able to produce gas at temperatures common in the pig gut. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:19:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcf401aba3b34c728c81f739937143ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:19:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcf401aba3b34c728c81f739937143ad2023-11-20T23:29:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-12-016433710.3390/jof6040337Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation PotentialBirgit Keller0Henrike Kuder1Christian Visscher2Ute Siesenop3Josef Kamphues4Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, GermanyInstitute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, GermanyLiquid feed is susceptible to microbiological growth. Yeasts are said to cause sudden death in swine due to intestinal gas formation. As not all animals given high yeast content feed fall ill, growth and gas formation potential at body temperature were investigated as possible causally required properties. The best identification method for these environmental yeasts should be tested beforehand. Yeasts derived from liquid diets without (LD − S) and liquid diets with maize silage (LD + S) were examined biochemically (ID32C-test) and with MALDI-TOF with direct smear (DS) and an extraction method (EX). Growth temperature and gas-forming potential were measured. With MALDI-EX, most yeast isolates were identified: <i>Candida krusei</i> most often in LD − S, and <i>C. lambica</i> most often in LD + S, significantly more than in LD − S. Larger colonies, 58.75% of all yeast isolates, were formed at 25 °C rather than at 37 °C; 17.5% of all isolates did not grow at 37 °C at all. Most <i>C. krusei</i> isolates formed high gas amounts within 24 h, whereas none of the <i>C. lambica</i>, <i>C. holmii</i> and most other isolates did. The gas pressure formed by yeast isolates varied more than tenfold. Only a minority of the yeasts were able to produce gas at temperatures common in the pig gut.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/337yeastsliquid swine dietsMALDI-TOFbiochemical identificationgrowth temperature Ancom Gas Production System<i>Candida krusei</i> |
| spellingShingle | Birgit Keller Henrike Kuder Christian Visscher Ute Siesenop Josef Kamphues Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential Journal of Fungi yeasts liquid swine diets MALDI-TOF biochemical identification growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System <i>Candida krusei</i> |
| title | Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential |
| title_full | Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential |
| title_fullStr | Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential |
| title_short | Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential |
| title_sort | yeasts in liquid swine diets identification methods growth temperatures and gas formation potential |
| topic | yeasts liquid swine diets MALDI-TOF biochemical identification growth temperature Ancom Gas Production System <i>Candida krusei</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/337 |
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